新冠疫情防控措施对法定传染病报告发病的影响研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-3110.2024.03.013

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摘要目的了解在新型冠状病毒感染疫情防控政策影响下,湖南省法定传染病的流行特征,为法定传染病的防控策略调整提供参考依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法,比较新冠疫情防控前后(2017—2019年与2020—2022年)湖南省法定传染病的报告发病情况,采用Excel 2019、SPSS 23.0软件进行数据整理和分析。结果 2020—2022年湖南省共报告法定传染病32种,年均报告发病率为762.66/10万,与2017—2019年相比发病率总体下降6.40%;其中肠道(-39.53%)和自然疫源性及虫媒(-51.60%)传染病下降明显;呼吸道传染病(11.20%)有小幅度上升,但除去新冠和流感病例后下降明显(-33.24%,P＜0.001)。2020—2022年湖南省法定传染病的实验室诊断率为 63.79%,比2017—2019年提高82.55%。2020—2022年发病居前十位的病种中,流行性感冒的发病率与2017—2019年相比明显上升(32.16%),手足口病(-46.47%)和流行性腮腺炎(-73.43%)均有明显下降。结论在新冠疫情防控背景下,2020—2022年湖南省法定传染病报告发病率有所下降,新冠疫情防控措施不仅有效控制了新冠病毒感染,还有利于降低其他法定传染病的流行,同时使传染病的实验室诊断率大幅提高。

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	向天雨
	谭红专
	刘富强
	张斯钰

关键词 ：法定传染病, 发病率, 流行特征, 新冠感染

Abstract：Objective To understand the epidemic characteristics of notifiable infectious diseases in Hunan Province under the influence of prevention and control policies against the epidemic of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and to provide reference evidence for the revision of notifiable infectious diseases prevention and control strategy. Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was used to compare the reported incidence of notifiable infectious diseases in Hunan Province before and after prevention and control of the epidemic of SARS-CoV-2 infection (2017-2019 and 2020-2022). Excel 2019 and SPSS 23.0 software were used for data process and analysis. Results A total of 32 kinds of notifiable infectious diseases were reported in Hunan Province from 2020 to 2022, with an average annual reported incidence rate of 762.66/100,000, which decreased by 6.40% compared with that in 2017-2019. The incidence rate of intestinal (-39.53%) and natural foci and insect-borne (-51.6%) infectious diseases decreased significantly. Respiratory infectious diseases (11.20%) increased slightly, but decreased significantly after excluding SARS-CoV-2 infection and influenza cases (-33.24%, P<0.001). The laboratory diagnosis rate of notifiable infectious diseases in Hunan Province during 2020-2022 was 63.79%, which increased by 82.55% compared with that in 2017-2019. Among the top 10 diseases in 2020-2022, the incidence rate of influenza increased significantly compared with that in 2017-2019 (32.16%), whilethe incidence rates of hand, foot and mouth disease (-46.47%) and mumps (-73.43%) decreased significantly. Conclusion Under the background of prevention and control against the epidemic of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the reported incidence rates of notifiable infectious diseases in Hunan Province from 2020 to 2022 decreased. Prevention and control measures against the epidemic of SARS-CoV-2 infection not only control the SARS-CoV-2 infection, but also effectively reduce the prevalence of other notifiable infectious diseases. At the same time, the laboratory diagnosis rates of infectious diseases are greatly improved.

Key words： notifiable infectious disease incidence rate epidemic characteristic SARS-CoV-2 infection

收稿日期: 2023-06-03

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通讯作者: 张斯钰,E-mail:359766279@qq.com。

作者简介: 向天雨(1998-),女,重庆酉阳人,硕士研究生在读,研究方向:传染病流行病学。

引用本文:

向天雨, 谭红专, 刘富强, 张斯钰. 新冠疫情防控措施对法定传染病报告发病的影响研究[J]. 实用预防医学, 2024, 31(3): 310-313. XIANG Tianyu, TAN Hongzhuan, LIU Fuqiang, ZHANG Siyu. Influence of prevention and control measures against the epidemic of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the reported incidence of notifiable infectious diseases. , 2024, 31(3): 310-313.

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