Objective To understand the contamination status and molecular characteristics of Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) in meat products sold in Changde City. Methods According to the National Food Safety Standard for Microbiological Examination of Food-Examination of Listeria monocytogenes (GB 4789.30-2016), Lm was detected in 291 meat product samples collected from 2020 to 2022, and whole-genome sequencing was used for correlation and molecular characteristic analysis. Results The detection rate of Lm was 25.09%. One of the 73 Lm strains was isolated from pre-packaged mutton slices, and the rest were isolated from meat products in bulk. Among the different meats, the detection rate of Lm in conditioned meat was the highest (55.38%). Among different venues, the detection rate of Lm in supermarkets was the highest (38.81%). Whole genome sequencing analysis showed that the 73 Lm strains belonged to two lineages, lineage I (20.55%) and lineage II (79.45%).According to the corresponding relationships, 73 Lm strainswere classified into 4serovars, 1/2a (56.16%), 1/2c (23.29%), 1/2b (19.18%) and 4b (1.37%). There were 19 types of multilocus sequence typing (MLST) identified, mainly sequence type 9(ST9) (23.29%), ST8 (17.81%) and ST121 (12.33%). All 73 Lm strains carried the resistance genes, namely, mprF, lin, norB and FosX, and 6 of them carried tet(M) genes, all of which were ST155. One strain carried ANT (6)-la+ErmB+catA8+dfrG+APH(3’)-llla+IsaE+tet(S), which was ST9. All strains carried LIPI-1, inlA, inlB, inlC, inlF, inlJ, inlK and at least one gene in stress survival island(SSI), but LIPI-3 and LIPI-4 were not detected. Conclusion The Lm sequence types detected in commercially available meat products in Changde City are diverse, with dominant serotypes and ST types, carrying multiple virulence and resistance genes. Subsequent monitoring should be strengthened.

Objective To analyze the wild mushroom poisoning incidents in Yunnan Province from 2018 to 2022, and to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of wild mushroom poisonings. Methods Based on the monitoring data about foodborne disease outbreaks in Yunnan Province, an epidemiological analysis was performed on wild mushroom poisoning incidents in Yunnan Province from 2018 to 2022, and ArcGIS 10.8 software was used for spatial autocorrelation analysis. Results A total of 3,761 wild mushroom poisoning incidents occurred in Yunnan Province from 2018 to 2022, involving 14,254 poisoned persons and 123 deaths, with a case-fatality rate of 0.86% (123/14,254). The incidents were mainly concentrated in June-October, and the number of poisoning incidents, the number of poisoned persons and the number of deaths accounted for 93.41% (3,513/3,761), 91.89% (13,098/14,254) and 97.56% (120/123) of the total number of cases in the five years respectively. Most of the incidents occurred at home, accounting for 90.45% (3,402/3,761) of the total poisoning incidents. The number of wild mushroom poisoning incidents in Kunming City, Yuxi City and Wenshan Prefecture accounted for 48.39% (1,820/3,761) of the province’s total. The wild mushroom poisoning incidents in Yunnan Province had spatial aggregation, and the high-high aggregation areas were Chengjiang City, Huaning County, Jiangchuan District, ShilinYi Autonomous County, Guangnan County and Yanshan County. Conclusion The occurrence of the wild mushroom poisoning incidents shows spatial aggregation. It is necessary to conduct in-depth publicity and precise prevention and control among households in areas with high incidence of poisoning.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological features of foodborne disease outbreak events in Hengyang City from 2011 to 2023, and to provide a reference basis for preventing foodborne disease outbreaks. Methods Data about foodborne disease outbreak events in Hengyang City during 2011-2023 were collected for descriptive analysis. Results A total of 408 foodborne disease outbreak events were reported in Hengyang City from 2011 to 2023, with 3,196 cases, 1,484 inpatients and 6 deaths.The peak of foodborne disease outbreaks occurred between May and September, and the outbreak events and cases accounted for 71.32% and 76.19% respectively. Poisonous mushrooms caused the largest numbers of events and deaths, accounting for 43.14% and 66.67% respectively. Microorganisms caused the largest numbers of cases and inpatients, accounting for 43.71% and 39.62% respectively, with Salmonella, diarrheagenic Escherichia coli and Vibrio parahaemolyticus being the main pathogenic bacteria. The numbers of events and deaths occurring in households were the highest, accounting for 63.24% and 100.00% respectively. The numbers of cases and inpatients occurring in catering service venues were the highest, accounting for 64.39% and 61.79% respectively. Rural banquets and restaurants were the main sites of foodborne disease outbreaks. Conclusion Summer and autumn were the peak period for foodborne disease outbreaks in Hengyang City. Poisonous mushrooms were the main pathogenic factor for foodborne diseases occurring in families, and microorganisms were the main pathogenic factor in catering service venues. It is recommended to strengthen monitoring and early warning, risk assessment, supervision and management, health education and medical treatment during the high-incidence season.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological features of foodborne disease outbreaks in Xilingol League from 2014 to 2023, and to provide a reference basis for formulating prevention and control measures. Methods Data about foodborne disease outbreaks in Xilingol League during 2014-2023 were collected through the Foodborne Disease Outbreak Surveillance System and subjected to descriptive epidemiological analysis. Results A total of 60 foodborne disease outbreaks were reported in Xilingol League in 2014-2023, cumulatively involving 425 cases and without deaths. The outbreaks reported were concentrated in June-August, with 28 outbreaks and accounting for 46.67%. Duolun County, Xilinhot City, and Erenhot City reported the most outbreaks, totaling 39 outbreaks and accounting for 65.00%. Vegetables and their products were the major causative foods, with 16 reportedoutbreaks and accounting for 26.67%. Among 31 outbreaks with identified pathogenic factors, 15 were caused by microbial factors, with Salmonella, diarrheagenic Escherichia coli and norovirus being the main pathogens. 12 outbreaks were caused by toxic plants and their toxins, mainly due to kidney bean poisoning. Outbreaks occurring at home accounted for 45.00%, and 81.67% of single outbreaks involved less than 10 cases. Conclusion The foodborne disease outbreaks in Xilingol League in 2014-2023 were concentrated in summer and autumn. Vegetables and their products were the main causative foods, and the main places for foodborne disease outbreaks were households. Among outbreaks with identified pathogenic factors, microbial factors were the main cause, followed by toxic plants and their toxins.

Objective To estimate the burden of seasonal influenza-associated excess deaths in Shenzhen City from 2016 to 2019, and to provide a scientific basis for improving influenza prevention and control policies. Methods Surveillance data about causes of deaths as well as etiology of influenza in Shenzhen City in 2016-2019 were collected, and a generalized linear regression model was fitted to estimate the influenza-associated excess mortalities in different influenza seasons, age groups and strain subtypes in Shenzhen City. Results From 2016 to 2019, the average annual influenza-associated excess all-cause mortality rate in Shenzhen City was 2.86(95%CI: 2.24-3.63) per 100,000 persons, and the influenza-associated excess respiratory and circulatory mortality rate was 2.56 (95%CI: 2.03-3.23) per 100,000 persons. 88.9% of influenza-associated excess deaths occurred in the elderly aged 60 years and above. The average annual influenza-associated excess all-cause mortality rate in the elderly was 84.65 (95%CI: 66.94-106.82) per 100,000 persons, and the influenza-associated excess respiratory and circulatory mortality rate was 77.93 (95%CI: 61.65-98.07) per 100,000 persons. The influenza B-associated excess all-cause and respiratory and circulatory mortality rates were 1.61 (95%CI: 1.22-2.07) per 100,000 persons and 1.22 (95%CI: 0.93-1.56) per 100,000 persons respectively, which were higher than those in A (H3N2) and A (H1N1) pdm09. Conclusion The influenza-associated excess mortality rate in all-age group in Shenzhen City was relatively low, but the influenza-associated excess mortality rate in the elderly aged 60 years and above still remained relatively high, and the excess mortality caused by influenza mainly occurred among them. It is necessary to enhance influenza prevention and control in the elderly, especially in improving the influenza vaccination rate in this population.

Objective To identify and perform whole genome sequencing analysis on a Vibrio cholerae isolate (HL-1) from feces of a patient with infectious diarrhea and a Vibrio cholerae isolate (HL-2) from crab of the same source consumed by the patient before onset. Methods We performed isolation and cultivation, serological identification, time-of-flight mass spectrometry identification, real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR identification, biochemical and antibiotic susceptibility test and whole genome sequencing on HL-1 and HL-2. Based on genome sequences, multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) and analysis of metabolic pathways, virulence genes and drug resistance genes were conducted. Results HL-1 and HL-2 were confirmed as non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae (NOVC), with a genomic similarity of 98.85%. Neither of them carried ctxAB and Tcp virulence genes. Both HL-1 and HL-2 produced obvious β-hemolysis rings on blood agar plates. The MLST results revealed that HL-1 belonged to ST-684, and HL-2 belonged to ST-173, which was the same type as 7 isolates from Zhejiang Province. The antibiotic susceptibility test results displayed that among the 17 selected drugs, HL-1 was only resistant to colistin and streptomycin, but HL-2 was resistant to 7 of them. Conclusion HL-1 and HL-2 differ in genetic loci and phenotypes. HL-1 tends to be an isolated strain, while HL-2 may originate from Jiangsu and Zhejiang regions. Nucleic acid testing and time-of-flight mass spectrometry have unique advantages in the rapid disposal of bacterial infection emergencies.

Objective To analyze the characteristics of reported incidence rates of suspected adverse events following immunization (AEFI) associated with different influenza vaccines in Pudong New Area, Shanghai Municipality from 2019 to 2022, and to evaluate the safety of influenza vaccines. Methods Surveillance data about AEFI related to different influenza vaccines in Pudong New Area, Shanghai Municipality during 2019-2022 were collected from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention for statistical analysis. Results A total of 595 cases of AEFI related to influenza vaccines were reported in Pudong New Area, Shanghai Municipality in 2019-2022, with the reported incidence rate of 107.68/100,000 doses, including 590 cases of general reactions (99.16%), 2 cases of abnormal reactions (0.34%), 2 cases of coupling symptoms (0.34%) and 1 case of psychogenic reaction (0.17%). Analysis of AEFI related to different influenza vaccines revealed that there were 486 (81.68%) reported cases due to receiving quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV4) and 109 (18.32%) reported cases due to receiving trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV3). The reported incidence rate of AEFI related to IIV4 (125.04/100,000 doses) was higher than that of AEFI related to IIV3 (66.51/100,000 doses). The reported incidence rates of AEFI related to IIV4 were higher than those of IIV3 in terms of different genders, ages, doses and symptoms (including local redness, local induration and other symptoms), with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). Conclusion AEFI related to influenza vaccines in Pudong New Area, Shanghai Municipality during 2019-2022 were mainly general reactions, showing good safety after vaccination. In most instances, the reported incidence rates of AEFI related to IIV4 are higher than those of AEFI for IIV3, which deserve attention.

Objective To understand the contamination status of enteroviruses in key activity venues for children during the epidemic period of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Nanning City, and to provide a reference basis for implementing precision prevention and control in communities. Methods Six types of key activity venues for children in Nanning City were selected to investigate the contamination status of enteroviruses related to HFMD in April-June and September-October, 2021. Smear samples from surfaces easily touched by children in these activity venues were collected. Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to detect HFMD-related enteroviruses, and the results were statistically analyzed. Results The positive rate of enterovirus nucleic acid was 0.74% in 15,490 environmental smeared samples. Specifically, 2,515 samples were collected from fever clinics (consulting rooms), 2,515 from pediatric clinics (wards), 2,675 from vaccination clinics, 2,675 from nurseries and kindergartens, 2,555 from children’s playgrounds and 2,555 from public toilets, with the positive rates being 0.87%, 1.03%, 1.31%, 0.64%, 0.31% and 0.23% respectively. The positive rate of enteroviruses was found to be the highest in vaccination clinics, but the lowest in public toilets. There were statistically significant differences in the positive rates of enteroviruses among different activity venues (χ²=31.122, P<0.001). The positive rate of other enteroviruses was the highest, the overall differences in the positive rates among the various pathogen types were statistically significant (χ²=113.799, P<0.001). The positive rate of enterovirus was the highest in April, but the lowest in September, showing statistically significant differences in the positive rates among different months (χ²=19.177, P=0.001). Conclusion There were different degrees of enterovirus contamination in the external environment of key activity venues for children in Nanning City during the HFMD epidemic period. Therefore, environmental disinfection in these activity venues should be strengthened during the epidemic season.

Objective To explore the association between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and post-stroke frailty in the elderly, and to provide insights for post-stroke frailty prevention and treatment. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted based on the data of elderly stroke population from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2011 to 2018, and the research subjects were divided into the control group and the fraility group according to the frailty index. The DII was calculated, and the relevant covariate data were collected. Multifactorial logistic regression was utilized to analyze the association between DII and post-stroke frailty, and a restricted cubic spline (RCS) model was constructed to clarify the dose-response relationship between DII and post-stroke frailty. Results A total of 1,340 elderly patients with stroke were enrolled, and 719 cases of post-stroke frailty were detected, with the frailty incidence rate being 53.66%. The overall DII had a median value of 1.32. The DII was higher in the frailty group than in the control group, showing a statistically significant difference between the two groups (Z=-5.719, P<0.001). The results of logistic regression analysis displayed that after adjusting for all covariates, elevated DII was still significantly associated with a higher incidence rate of frailty (OR=1.463-1.886, P<0.05), and the trend test showed a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). The RCS model demonstrated a positive linear correlation between DII and post-stroke frailty in the elderly population (non-linear P=0.376). Conclusion The incidence rate of post-stroke frailty is relatively high among the elderly, and the DII is associated with an increased risk of post-stroke frailty. Developing reasonable dietary plans for the elderly is conducive to preventing the occurrence of frailty.

Objective To analyze the characteristics of molecular transmission network of newly-reported HIV/AIDS cases in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and to accurately locate the key populations related to the HIV-1 epidemic in this region. Methods We collected plasma samples from newly-reported HIV/AIDS cases without antiretroviral drug treatment in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in 2021. HIV RNA was extracted, the viral pol gene region was amplified, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed. HIV drug resistance database was used for drug resistance analysis. The molecular transmission network was constructed by using HIV-TRACE. Results A total of 343 HIV pol sequences were obtained, and the main genotypes were CRF01_AE (46.65%) and CRF07_BC (40.52%). The transmission drug resistance rates were 8.16% (28/343). The drug resistance rates of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) were 7.58% and 1.46% respectively. The molecular transmission network was constructed with a genetic distance threshold of 1.1%, and the access rate was 34.40% (118/343). There were statistically significant differences in the access rates among different occupations, subtypes and regions (P<0.05). Network clusters had a total connectivity of 200. Among different groups, the proportions of clusters were found to be the highest in CRF01_AE, homosexual transmission population, the group aged 30-50 years and Chifeng City. Conclusion It is necessary to monitor large molecular clusters in the network, establish a dynamic molecular transmission network, and take precise prevention and control measures for active high-risk groups.

Objective To analyze the incidentce of medical treatment delay and its influencing factors among patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS), and to explore the preventive strategies so as to provide a scientific basis for shortening the time of seeking medical treatment in patients with AIS. Methods A total of 468 AIS patients admitted to Wenzhou Central Hospital from July 2022 to July 2023 were enrolled into the study. We collected the patients’ clinical data and information about status of medical treatment delay, and performed univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses to identify the factors influencing medical treatment delay in 468 AIS patients. Results Among the 468 AIS patients, 304 patients delayed seeking medical treatment, and the rate of delayed medical treatment was 64.96%. The results of univariate and multivariate logistic analyses revealed that risk factors affecting medical treatment delay in the AIS patients included rural residence (OR=1.868, 95%CI: 1.016-3.437), living alone (OR=1.885, 95%CI: 1.041-3.414), mild severity of initial symptoms (OR=1.853, 95%CI: 1.025-3.350), poor level of disease cognition (OR=1.876, 95%CI: 1.032-3.410), poor doctor-patient communication or incorrect information (OR=1.925, 95%CI: 1.028-3.605), onset time during 18:00-23:59 (OR=1.835, 95%CI: 1.023-3.291) and 00:00-05:59 (OR=1.870, 95%CI: 1.037-3.374), village clinics (OR=1.802, 95%CI: 1.053-3.083) and township hospitals (OR=1.775, 95%CI: 1.054-2.990) as the first choice of treatment place. The higher scores of the US National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) (OR=0.859, 95%CI: 0.800-0.922) and health literacy (OR=0.877, 95%CI: 0.809-0.951) at onset time were conducive to the AIS patients to seek medical treatment in time. Conclusion The incidence rate of medical treatment delay inthe AIS patients was relatively high, with multiple affecting factors. High-risk patients with AIS who may delay medical treatment can be screened in clinical practice based on these factors, and corresponding preventive measures can be taken to shorten the time for seeking medical treatment and improve the prognosis of patients.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of myopia amongst children and adolescents in Yunnan Province in 2021, to analyze its influencing factors, and to provide a scientific basis for further formulating myopia prevention and control strategies and measures. Methods A total of 75,679 students were selected from 16 prefectures (cities) in Yunnan Province for vision and refractive examinations from September to December 2021. Pupils in Grades IV and above were required to conduct a questionnaire survey. Chi-squared test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Results The prevalence rate of myopia in the children and adolescents in Yunnan Province in 2021 was 47.74%, and it increased with the increase of school stages. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis displayed that risk factors for myopia in the children and adolescents were female students (OR=1.632), junior middle school or senior high school (OR=1.887, 3.362), average daily homework time 1-2 h or ≥2 h(OR=1.116, 1.363), often or always reading a book or using an electronic device with a screen under direct sunlight (OR= 1.186), turning on both desk lamp and ceiling light during reading and writing at night (OR=1.150), continuous close-up eye use time ≥0.5 h (OR=1.238), insufficient sleep (OR=1.217) and maternal/paternal or parental myopia (OR=1.928, 2.466). The protective factors for myopia in the children and adolescents were minority (OR=0.771), outdoor activity during recess (OR=0.871), parental restriction of time for access to electronic products (OR=0.876), frequently/always keeping eyes about 33 cm away from books when reading and writing (OR=0.837), average daily watching TV time ＜1 h or ≥1 h (OR=0.886, 0.802) and time spent on outdoor activities per day ≥ 2 h (OR=0.948). Conclusion The status of myopia among the children and adolescents in Yunnan Province was not optimistic, and affected by various factors. Targeted measures should be taken to control the occurrence and development of myopia among the children and adolescents.

Objective To explore the correlations between ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and the risk of stroke amongst adults, and to provide evidence for stroke prevention and management. Methods A cross-sectional analysis was conducted based on the database about the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2017-2020. Questionnaire data regarding adult participants’dietary and diseases were collected. Multivariate logistic regression was used to explore the relationships of dietary intake of ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and the ω-6/ω-3 intake ratio with the risk of stroke. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) models were constructed to determine the dose-response relationships. Results A total of 2,414 adult participants were enrolled into this study, with 133 cases of stroke identified. Stroke patients had a lower dietary intake of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids but a higher ω-6/ω-3 intake ratio compared with the control group (individuals without stroke), showing statistically significant differences between the two groups (P<0.05). No statistically significant difference was found in the dietary intake of ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids between the two groups (P>0.05). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis displayed that increased intake of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids was associated with a reduced risk of stroke (OR=0.856, 95%CI: 0.742-0.987, P=0.033), while an increased ω-6/ω-3 intake ratio (OR=1.062, 95%CI: 1.001-1.126, P=0.046) was an independent risk factor for stroke occurrence. The results of RCS models indicated that the risk of stroke gradually decreased as the intake dose of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids increased, reaching its lowest point at 2.50 g/d. There was a positive linear relationship between the ω-6/ω-3 intake ratio and the risk of stroke, with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). Conclusion Within the range recommended in the dietary guideline, increased intake of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids can decrease the risk of stroke, and reducing the ω-6/ω-3 intake ratio is conducive to stroke prevention.

Objective To analyze and understand the surveillance status of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) in Yunyan District of Guiyang City from 2019 to 2023, and to provide a basis for safety assessment of vaccination. Methods Information about AEFI cases and doses of vaccination was collected through the National Immunization Program AEFI Surveillance System and the Guizhou Provincial Immunization Program Information Management System. χ² test was used to analyze the differences in the reported incidence of AEFI among different groups. Results A total of 1,423 AEFI cases were reported in Yunyan District of Guiyang City from 2019 to 2023, with the reported incidence rate of 41.04/100,000 doses. Among the AEFI cases reported, there were 1,409 cases of general reactions and 5 cases of abnormal reactions, with the reported incidence rates of 40.63/100,000 doses and 0.14/100,000 doses respectively. AEFI mainly occurred in the group aged 0-1 year, with a total of 951 cases, accounting for 66.83%. The top five vaccines with the highest reported incidence rates of AEFI were group ACYW135 meningococcal conjugate vaccine (285.50/100,000 doses), 13-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine (213.88/100,000 doses), recombinant zoster vaccine (181.52/100,000 doses), diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis and Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate combined vaccine (DTaP-Hib) (179.79/100,000 doses) and diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis, inactivated poliomyelitis and Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate combined vaccine (DTaP-IPV-Hib) (154.84/100,000 doses). In addition, 92.55% of the AEFI cases occurred within 0-1 day after vaccination. Conclusion The AEFI cases reported in Yunyan District of Guiyang City from 2019 to 2023 were mainly general reactions, indicating that vaccination was safe.

Objective To analyze the pathogenic characteristics, virulence genes and bongkrekic acid of Burkholderia gladioli isolated from edible fungi samples in Zhangjiajie City, to understand the contamination characteristics of this bacterium in local edible fungi, and to provide a scientific basis for food safety risk monitoring. Methods With reference to the National Work Manual for Risk Monitoring of Contaminants and Harmful Factors in Food in 2024, isolation and identification of Burkholderia gladioli, and detection of toxin-producing genes and bongkrekic acid were performed on 50 edible fungi samples including Auricularia auricula and mushrooms collected from farmers’ markets and supermarkets in Zhangjiajie City in 2024. Results Burkholderia gladioli was detected in 11 (22.00%) out of 50 samples, with 3 samples being positive for the bon virulence gene of this bacterium. The samples positive for the bon virulence gene were analyzed for bongkrekic acid by Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and 1 of them was positive. Conclusion Burkholderia gladioli tends to grow in edible fungi and has a high risk of producing bongkrekic acid. It is necessary to strengthen risk monitoring of this pathogenic bacterium in key food products, especially the detection of strains carrying the bon virulence gene.

Objective To explore the effects of egg yolk phospholipid and perilla seed oil on regulating lipid metabolism and inflammatory response in hyperlipidemia rats, and to provide an experimental basis for their development and utilization. Methods According to the levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), 50 mixed hyperlipidemia model rats were randomly divided into the model control group, the positive control group, and the low-, medium- and high-dose groups of egg yolk phospholipid and perilla seed oil. After 30 days of intragastric administration of the test substance, we observed the serum lipid metabolism and inflammatory response indexes of the rats. Results Compared with the model control group, decreases were found in serum TC (3.07±0.33 mmol/L), atherosclerosis indexes AI₁ (3.22±0.66) and AI₂ (1.16±0.20), apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A1 (ApoB/ApoA1) ratio (0.066±0.014), interleukin-6 (81.49±9.91 pg/mL) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (156.67±19.56 ng/L) in the medium-dose group of egg yolk phospholipid and perilla seed oil, showing statistically significant differences (P<0.05). Compared with the model control group, decreases were found in serum TC (3.13±0.21 mmol/L), triglyceride (3.51±0.30 mmol/L), atherosclerosis indexes AI₁ (3.44±0.51) and AI₂ (1.18±0.18), ApoB/ApoA1 ratio (0.067±0.019) and TNF-α (157.50±21.53 ng/L) in the high-dose group of egg yolk phospholipid and perilla seed oil, but ApoA1 (1,205.0±244.5 μg/mL) increased, showing statistically significant differences (P<0.05). No statistically significant differences were observed in serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, free fatty acid and ApoB between each dose group and the model control group (P>0.05). Conclusion Egg yolk phospholipid and perilla seed oil can regulate lipid metabolism disorder and reduce inflammatory response in the hyperlipidemia rats.

Objective To analyze the current status of health human resources for maternal and child healthcare (MCH) in Henan Province from 2016 to 2022, to evaluate the fairness of health human resource allocation from demographic and geographical dimensions, and to put forward reasonable suggestions for optimizing the allocation. Methods We collected and organized the data regarding health human resources of MCH institutions in 18 cities in Henan Province from 2016 to 2022, and used the agglomeration degree analysis method to evaluate the fairness of allocation of health human resources for MCH. Results The total amount of health human resources for MCH in Henan Province had increased year by year. The proportion of medium and senior professional titles reached 41.7% in 2022, and the proportion of professionals with educational attainment at a bachelor degree or above level stood at 59.8%. There were significant differences in the agglomeration degree of health human resources for MCH and its ratio to population agglomeration degree among various cities in the province. The agglomeration degree of health human resources in Zhengzhou City was the highest, and the health resource agglomeration degree (HRAD) of health technicians, practicing (assistant) physicians and registered nurses reached 3.128, 3.068 and 3.329 respectively. The agglomeration degree of health human resources in Sanmenxia City was the lowest, and the HRAD of the above-mentioned three types of personnel only stood at 0.369, 0.387 and 0.376 respectively. Luohe City and Jiyuan City had the highest ratio of agglomeration degree of health human resources to population agglomeration degree, while Xinxiang City and Zhoukou City had lower ratios. The fairness of allocation of health human resources for MCH in densely populated areas and sparsely populated areas was low, but there was an improving trend in recent years. The fairness of allocation of health human resources for MCH in areas with average population was relatively high, and the allocation based on population distribution was relatively reasonable. Conclusion There is an unfair allocation of health human resources for MCH among cities and areas in Henan Province. When formulating health planning, the government should comprehensively consider factors such as population structure, geographical differences and economic development, establish a supply-demand balance mechanism for MCH institutions, and rationally integrate health human resources for MCH.

Early-onset acute myocardial infarction (AMI) refers to myocardial injury caused by acute myocardial ischemia in individuals under 45 years old, manifesting as abnormal elevation or decline in myocardial troponin levels. Typically, patients with early-onset AMI have fewer traditional risk factors and significant familial genetic factors, with sudden onset and poor prognosis. The incidence rate of early-onset AMI is higher in male patients than in female ones. Compared with developed countries, AMI occurs at an earlier age in developing countries. Major risk factors include smoking, obesity, lipid metabolism abnormalities and genetic background. Genetic factors playing a crucial role in early-onset AMI, and gene polymorphisms are associated with disease susceptibility. Patients with early-onset AMI have a poor prognosis and a high recurrence rate, primarily due to inadequate control of risk factors. It is crucial to understand the epidemiological characteristics of early-onset AMI, enhance its early warning and surveillance, conduct early screening for discovery and intervention of high-risk groups, establish the patients’ electronic health records, conduct follow-up visits, and provide health guidance, cardiac rehabilitation and drug treatmentin order to improve the patients’ quality of life and prolong their lifespan. These measures are of significant importance in reducing the incidence rate of early-onset AMI and improving the patients’ prognoses.