Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 2016 to 2020, and to provide a basis for further control of pulmonary tuberculosis epidemics. Methods The data about reported cases of pulmonary tuberculosis in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 2016 to 2020 were collected, and the epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological methods. Results A total of 64,485 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis were reported in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 2016 to 2020, with an average annual reporting rate of 51.04/100,000. The reported incidence rate decreased from 52.77/100,000 in 2016 to 39.41/100,000 in 2020 (χ²=1,020.000, P<0.001). There were 18,052 patients with positive etiology, and the positive rate increased from 19.26% in 2016 to 42.34% in 2020 (χ²=576.000, P<0.001). The relatively high incidence rates were reported in Xing’an League (84.61/100,000) and Hulunbuir City (69.13/100,000), while the relatively low incidence rates were reported in Hohhot City (28.77/100,000) and Baotou City (28.59/100,000). The reported incidence rate was found to be the highest in the age group ≥60 years (38.49%). The average annual reporting rate was higher in males than in females (65.19/100,000 vs. 36.05/100,000, χ²=101.000, P<0.001). The occupation distribution of the patients was mainly farmers (55.04%), followed by houseworkers and the unemployed (18.54%). Conclusion The epidemics of pulmonary tuberculosis in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region during 2016-2020 showed an overall downward trend. The eastern region and Alxa League should be taken as the key prevention and control areas, farmers as well as herdsmen aged ≥60 years should be taken as the key groups of prevention and treatment, and further efforts should be made to effectively control the epidemics of pulmonary tuberculosis.

Objective To analyze the variation trends in the death level and disease burden of road traffic injuries among Chinese residents from 1990 to 2019, and to provide a scientific reference basis for the prevention and control. Methods The data regarding road traffic injuries in Chinese residents from 1990 to 2019 were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019) database. Indicators like the incidence rate, the mortality rate, the rate of disability adjusted life years (DALY), the rate of years lived with disability (YLD) and the rate of years of life lost due to premature death (YLL) were analyzed, and the changing trends were analyzed by Joinpoint regression model. Results The standardized incidence rates of road traffic injuries in Chinese residents during 1990-2019 showed an increasing trend (P<0.001), but the standardized mortality rates showed a fluctuating downward trend (P<0.001). The incidence and death level of road traffic injuries in each year were higher in males than in females, the incidence rates were 1.4-1.6 times higher than those of females, and the mortality rates were 2.3-3.0 times higher than those of females. The standardized DALY rates and the standardized YLL rates showed fluctuating downward trends (both P<0.001), while the standardized YLD rates showed a fluctuating upward trend (P<0.001). The disease burden of road traffic injuries in each year was significantly higher in males than in females, and the standardized DALY, YLD and YLL rates were 2.0-2.7 times, 1.3-1.6 times and 2.1-3.0 times higher than those of females respectively. The mortality rates increased with advancing age. Compared with those in 1990, the mortality rate of the group aged ≥70 years in 2019 increased, while the mortality rates of other age groups decreased. The DALY and YLL rates first increased and then decreased with advancing age, with the peak age of 35-45 years. Compared with those in 1990, the DALY rate in the group aged ≥60 years and the YLL rate in the group aged ≥70 years in 2019 increased, whereas those in the other age groups decreased. The YLD rate increased with advancing age. The YLD rates of all age groups in 2019 increased compared with those in 1990, with the largest increase in the group aged 75-79 years. Conclusion The death and disease burden caused by road traffic injuries in China show overall decreasing trends, but they are still at high levels, especially in males and the elderly. Targeted effective measures should be continuously taken to reduce the disease burden caused by road traffic injuries.

Objective To quantitatively evaluate the intervention effect of air pollution and health protection among pupils in Hubei Province, and to provide references for improving the quality of intervention and formulating relevant government policies. Methods Third to fifth grade pupils from a primary school in Shennongjia Forestry District served as the control group, and no intervention measures were conducted. Third to fifth grade pupils from a primary school in Wuhan City were considered as the intervention group, and health intervention measures like face-to-face teaching were performed. Using questionnaires A and B regarding investigating the intervention effect of air pollution and health protection among pupils, questionnaire surveys were conducted in the intervention group and the control group before and after the intervention. Difference-in-differences (DID) model was used to evaluate the differences in the scores and the net effect of the intervention before and after the surveys. Results The intervention group and control group surveyed 601 and 877 pupils respectively. Before the intervention, the total score of the questionnaires and the scores of the three sub-items, namely, basic concepts, basic knowledge and basic behavior & skills in the intervention group were 78.93, 21.63, 27.01 and 30.28 respectively, while the corresponding scores of the control group were 79.44, 21.29, 25.91 and 32.24 respectively. After the intervention, the scores of the intervention group and the control group showed significant increases compared with those before the intervention (all P<0.05). The analysis results based on DID model revealed that the net effect of the intervention measures was 1.58 (95CI%:0.14-3.01), showing a statistically significant difference in the intervention measures (P<0.05). Conclusion Performing the intervention on air pollution and health protection among pupils can significantly improve their awareness level of knowledge about air pollution and health protection. The results suggest that it is necessary to strengthen the publicity and education on knowledge about air pollution and health protection among pupils and evaluation on the intervention effect.

Objective To investigate the status quo of depression and anxiety among junior middle school students in Haikou City, to analyze the influencing factors and to provide a scientific basis for promoting the students’ mental health. Methods A total of 14,041 students were selected from 12 junior middle schools in the urban areas and towns of Haikou City by stratified cluster sampling method in 2022. Depression and anxiety questionnaire surveys were conducted, and the influencing factors were analyzed using logistic regression. Results Among the junior middle school students surveyed, 23.62% had depressive symptoms, and 16.59% suffered from anxiety symptoms. The rates of insufficient sleep, insufficient time for physical activity, excessive use of electronic products and overweight & obesity were 52.90%, 45.32%, 41.17% and 21.49% respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that urban areas (OR=0.724, 95%CI: 0.657-0.799) and 7th grade (OR=0.792, 95%CI: 0.717-0.875) were protective factors for depressive symptoms. Female students (OR=1.549, 95%CI: 1.429-1.679), left-behind families (OR=1.624, 95%CI: 1.149-2.296), single-parent families (OR=1.493, 95%CI: 1.262-1.766), family per capita monthly income < RMB3,000 (OR=1.159, 95%CI: 1.059-1.268), fathers’ education level of high school and below (OR=1.253, 95%CI: 1.098-1.430), the average sleep time < 9 h/d (OR=1.369, 95%CI: 1.261-1.486), the average physical activity time < 1 h/d (OR=1.345, 95%CI: 1.240-1.459), the average time for use of electronic products > 2 h/d (OR=1.347, 95%CI: 1.242-1.460) and overweight & obesity (OR=1.950, 95%CI: 1.780-2.137) were risk factors for depressive symptoms. The risk factors for anxiety symptoms were female students (OR=2.402, 95%CI: 2.186-2.639), urban areas (OR=1.302, 95%CI: 1.156-1.466), single-parent families (OR=1.480, 95%CI: 1.225-1.787), the average sleep time < 9 h/d (OR=1.544, 95%CI: 1.404-1.698), the average physical activity time < 1 h/d (OR=1.255, 95%CI: 1.144-1.377),the average time for use of electronic products > 2 h/d (OR=1.259, 95%CI: 1.148-1.380) and overweight & obesity (OR=1.671, 95%CI: 1.506-1.854). Conclusion The junior middle school students’ depressive and anxiety symptoms are related to multiple factors such as urban and rural areas, genders, grades, family environment and healthy lifestyle. Hence corresponding measures should be taken to strengthen psychological interventions for the junior middle school students.

Objective To understand the attitudes towards and current status of sex education among middle school, high school and vocational high school freshmen in Jiading District, Shanghai Municipality, and to provide a basis for adolescent health care services. Methods A convenient cluster sampling method was used to select one middle school, one high school and one vocational high regarding school in Jiading District, Shanghai Municipality. We conducted a questionnaire surveyregardingknowledge related to adolescent sexual and reproductive health, attitudes towards sex education and current status of sex education among 1,051 new students. Non parametric tests and χ² tests were employed to conduct univariate analysis on continuous variables and categorical variables respectively. A multivariate binary logistic regression model was applied to analyzing the factors influencingattitudes towards sex education. Results There was a statistically significant difference in the qualified rate of sexual and reproductive health knowledge among new students from different types of schools (P<0.001). Adolescents with more positive attitudes towards sex education also scored higher in terms of sexual and reproductive health knowledge (Z=-8.509, P<0.001). The proportions of adolescents who received sex education from schools, fathers, and mothers were 83.5%, 33.6% and 51.2% respectively. Family sex education was relatively insufficient. The proportion of vocational high school freshmen receiving school sex education was the lowest (75.4%), while the proportion of high school freshmen was the highest (92.2%), with a statistically significant difference (P<0.001). There was a statistically significant difference in the proportion of receiving sex education from mothers among freshmen from different types of schools (P=0.003). 75.6% of the adolescents had a positive attitude towards receiving sex education. Logistic regression analysis revealed that female students (OR=1.434, 95%CI: 1.016-2.023, P=0.040), adolescents who received school sex education (OR=1.844, 95%CI: 1.263-2.809, P=0.002), adolescents who had qualified knowledge about sexual and reproductive health (OR=2.389, 95%CI: 1.734-3.292, P<0.001) and adolescents with a conservative attitude towards sexual behavior (OR=4.315, 95%CI: 2.924-6.367, P<0.001) had a more positive attitude towards sex education. Compared with middle school freshmen, high school freshmen (OR=3.104, 95%CI: 1.977-4.873, P<0.001) and vocational high school freshmen (OR=2.420, 95%CI: 1.664-3.519, P<0.001) had more positive attitudes towards sex education. Conclusion Vocational high school freshmen in Jiading District lack sex education the most, and the adolescents’ attitudes towards sex education need to be further improved. Schools and families should provide appropriate comprehensive health services for the adolescents so as to improve their enthusiasm for receiving sex education and enhance the effectiveness of sex education.

Objective To analyze the status of norovirus infection, genotype changes and other epidemic characteristics among children with sporadic diarrhea in Hangzhou City from 2020 to 2022. Methods We collected 655 stool specimens and epidemiological data from children with sporadic diarrhea in the sentinel hospital in Hangzhou City from 2020 to 2022. Norovirus RNA was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the positive samples were sequenced and genotyped. The epidemic characteristics of norovirus infection were descriptively analyzed. Results Among the 655 stool specimens from children with sporadic diarrhea, the overall positive detection rate of norovirus was 21.68% (142/655). There were statistically significant differences in the positive detection rates among different age groups (χ²=13.792, P=0.003), among which the positive detection rate was found to be the highest in children aged 13-24 months (34.17%, 41/120). The peak incidence of norovirus infection was observed in spring and autumn, and the average positive detection rate was found to be the highest in October (50.53%, 48/95). 82 positive specimens were successfully sequenced, including 6 recombinant genotypes, GII.3[P12](41.46%, 34/82), GII.4[Pe] (43.90%, 36/82), GII.4 Sydney_2012[Pe] (7.32%, 6/82), GII.17[P17] (4.88%, 4/82), GII.6[P7](1.22%, 1/82) and GII.2[P16] (1.22%, 1/82). GII.3[P12] was the dominant strain in 2020, and GII.4[Pe] had replaced GII.3[P12] as the new dominant strain since 2021. Conclusion The high incidence season of norovirus infection is in spring and autumn, with the peak in October. The positive detection rate of norovirus in children aged 13-24 months is the highest, and the dominated genotypes of norovirus are GII.4[Pe] and GII.3[P12].

Objective To analyze the current status of awareness of AIDS knowledge and sexual behavior characteristics among university students in Hunan Province, and to provide data support for improving AIDS prevention and control in universities in Hunan Province. Methods We conducted a network questionnaire survey on awareness of AIDS knowledge and sexual behavior characteristics among 10,011 students from 5 universities in Hunan Province. The awareness status of AIDS knowledge and its influencing factors among the university students were analyzed. Results A total of 9,991 valid questionnaires were retrieved, with the effective rate of 99.80%. The total awareness rate of AIDS knowledge was 86.34%. The awareness rates of male homosexual behavior as the main mode of AIDS transmission among young students in China and AIDS as an incurable disease were 73.15% and 70.36% respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the awareness rates of AIDS knowledge among university students of different genders (χ²=10.210, P=0.001), grades (χ²=109.836, P<0.001) and specialties (χ²=75.533, P<0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that the awareness rate of AIDS knowledge was higher in female students than in male students (OR=1.16, 95%CI: 1.02-1.32), higher in sophomores (OR=1.98, 95%CI: 1.70-2.31) and juniors (OR=1.61, 95%CI: 1.33-1.95) than in seniors (OR=2.48, 95%CI: 1.70-3.63), and higher in students majoring in literature and history (OR=2.02, 95%CI: 1.60-2.56), science and technology (OR=2.18, 95%CI: 1.73-2.75) and medicine (OR=3.35, 95%CI: 2.31-4.84) than in students majoring in sports and arts. The awareness rate of AIDS knowledge was lower in students acquiring AIDS knowledge through other means (OR=0.70, 95%CI: 0.57-0.84) than in students acquiring the knowledge through school education. The awareness rates of pre-exposure and post-exposure prophylactic drug use were 55.90% and 45.56% respectively. In this study, 885 university students had sex (8.86%). The consistent condom use rate in premarital sex was lower in male students than in female ones (60.49% vs. 68.26%, χ²=5.546, P=0.019). The consistent condom use rate was higher in students with single sex partner than in students with multiple sex partners (69.17% vs. 36.84%, χ²=56.836, P<0.001) as well as higher in students with heterosexual behavior than in male students who had sex with men (64.68% vs. 52.56%, χ²=4.514, P=0.034). Conclusion The awareness rate of AIDS knowledge among the university students in Hunan Province needs to be further improved, the condom use rate in high-risk sexual behavior is low, and there is an obvious separation between knowledge and practice. Attention should be paid to improving the university students’ concept and awareness of safe sex behavior and enhancing the publicity and education on prevention and control knowledge before and after exposure.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological features of natural focus and insect-borne infectious diseases in Yichang City, Hubei Province from 2013 to 2022, and to provide a basis for developing prevention and control strategies. Methods The surveillance data about natural focus and insect-borne infectious diseases in Yichang City during 2013-2022 were collected, and the epidemiological features were analyzed. Results A total of 318 cases regarding 9 kinds of natural focus and insect-borne infectious diseases were reported in Yichang City during 2013-2022, with an average annual reported incidence rate of 0.78/100,000. There were 49 death cases reported, with an average annual reported mortality rate of 0.12/100,000. The main diseases with a large number of reported cases were malaria, epidemic hemorrhagic fever (EHF), rabies, brucellosis and dengue fever, among which the imported cases were due to malaria and dengue fever. The incidence peaked in January and May-July, and the cases were reported in all 14 counties (cities and districts). The area reporting the largest number of malaria cases was Xiling District, while the area reporting the largest number of EHF cases was Dangyang City. The incidence rate was higher in males than in females (χ²=153.291, P<0.001). Most of the cases were in the group aged 35-55 years, and the occupation was mainly farmers, accounting for 38.36%. Conclusion The trend in the incidence of natural focus and insect-borne infectious diseases in Yichang City is generally stable, and most of the cases are imported malaria and local EHF. Prevention and control strategies include enhancing case and vector surveillance, early detection, early reporting and early disposal, strengthening the publicity about disease prevention knowledge among migrant workers and tourists, conducting targeted patriotic health campaigns, and intensifying the cleaning of insect breeding sites.

Objective To study the relationships of life events and self-esteem with subjective well-being of secondary vocational school students, and to explore the mediating effect of self-esteem between life events and subjective well-being of secondary vocational school students. Methods A total of 4,378 secondary vocational school students were investigated by Self-Esteem Scale (SES), General Well-Being Scale (GWB) and Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Check List (ASLEC). The path model was constructed and analyzed using R 4.2.1 software, and Bootstrap confidence interval estimation was used to test whether the mediating effect of self-esteem was significant. Results The scores of self-esteem, life events and subjective well-being in male students were (27.86±4.67), (43.35±17.18) and (78.02±14.00) respectively, and those in female ones were (27.34±4.52), (40.98±14.02) and (75.54±13.64) respectively. The scores of self-esteem, life events and subjective well-being were significantly higher in male students than in female ones (all P<0.001). Life events were significantly negatively correlated with both subjective well-being and self-esteem (r=-0.455, P<0.001; r=-0.260, P<0.001), while self-esteem was significantly positively correlated with subjective well-being (r=0.498, P<0.001). Self-esteem was found to play a partial mediating role between life events and subjective well-being in the secondary vocational school students, with the contribution rate of mediating effect to the total effect being 23%. Conclusion Life events can directly affect the secondary vocational school students’ subjective well-being, and can also indirectly affect their subjective well-being through self-esteem.

Objective To understand the current situation and influencing factors of knowledge, attitude and practice towards foodborne diseases among medical professionals in Hunan Province, and to provide references for improving medical professionals’ knowledge level of foodborne diseases. Methods With a multi-stage stratified random sampling method, a questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the current status of knowledge, attitude and practice towards foodborne diseases among 1,489 medical professionals in 5 prefectures and cities in Hunan Province, and the influencing factors were identified by logistic regression analysis. Results The score rates of knowledge, attitude and practice towards foodborne diseases in the medical professionals in Hunan Province were 67.59%, 90.13% and 91.39% respectively. The results of Spearman rank correlation analysis revealed that there was a positive correlation between foodborne disease knowledge and attitude, between knowledge and behavior, and between attitude and behavior. The results of logistic regression analysis displayed that second-level hospitals (OR=1.819, 95%CI: 1.267-2.611), Xiangtan City (OR=12.979, 95%CI: 8.234-20.458), Changde City (OR=0.585, 95%CI: 0.388-0.881) and internal medicine (OR=2.048, 95%CI: 1.090-3.848) significantly affected the knowledge scores. Xiangtan City (OR=7.434, 95%CI: 4.582-12.060), clinical medicine (OR=2.340, 95%CI: 1.519-3.605), medical laboratory (OR=2.385, 95%CI:1.346-4.226) and preventive medicine (OR=1.948, 95%CI: 1.086-3.496) significantly affected the attitude scores. Third-level hospitals (OR=0.424, 95%CI: 0.284-0.633), Changsha City (OR=1.687, 95%CI: 1.196-5.382), Xiangtan City (OR=2.839, 95%CI: 1.897-4.250), Changde City (OR=2.281, 95%CI: 1.596-3.260), sentinel hospitals (OR=2.151, 95%CI:1.522-3.038), clinical medicine (OR=1.675, 95%CI: 1.101-2.548) and undergraduate universities (OR=0.710, 95%CI:0.545-0.926) significantly affected the behavior scores. Conclusion Medical professionals in Hunan Province have positive attitudes towards foodborne diseases and a high level of behavior, but their knowledge level needs to be improved. It is recommended that personalized and diversified health education should be conducted based on medical staff with different characteristics, and their awareness of knowledge about surveillance of foodborne diseases should be strengthened.

Objective To understand the epidemic characteristics of human brucellosis in Jinan City from 2015 to 2022, and to provide a basis for the development of brucellosis prevention and control strategies. Methods We collected the data on brucellosis cases and case epidemiological surveys in Jinan City during 2015-2022, and descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemic characteristics of brucellosis. Results A total of 2,015 cases of brucellosis were reported in Jinan City from 2015 to 2022, among which the incidence rates in 2015-2016 showed an increasing trend, while the incidence rates in 2016-2022 showed an overall decreasing trend year by year (Trend Z=6.514, P<0.001). The average annual incidence rate was 3.34/100,000. No death case was found. Cases were reported in each month, the peak incidence season was in spring and summer, and a total of 1,380 cases were reported in March-August, accounting for 68.49% of the total number of the cases. The cases were mainly distributed in Zhangqiu District, Licheng District, Changqing District, Shanghe County and Pingyin County, with a total of 1,591 cases reported, accounting for 78.96% of the total number of the cases. The number of male cases was more than that of female cases, with a male-to-female sex ratio of 2.7∶1. The median of age of onset was 53 years. Farmers accounted for 85.46% of the total cases (1,722/2,015). The median of time interval between onset and confirmed diagnosis was 16 days. Conclusion Comprehensive prevention and control measures should be further implemented in Jinan City, and brucellosis prevention and treatment should be enhanced so as to effectively control the epidemic of the disease.

Objective To analyze the characteristics of deaths and years of life lost due to cardio-cerebral vascular diseases among household-registered residents in Daxing District, Beijing from 2012 to 2021, and to provide a basis for formulating scientific and effective prevention and control strategies for cardio-cerebral vascular diseases. Methods The surveillance data about causes of deaths in Daxing District from 2012 to 2021 were collected, and then coded and classified according to ICD-10. We analyzed cardio-cerebral vascular diseases-related indicators like the mortality rate, the standardized mortality rate, potential years of life lost (PYLL), average years of life lost (AYLL) and potential years of life lost rate (PYLLR). SPSS 22.0 was used for chi-squared test. ArcGIS 10.4.1 software was used to draw the regional distribution map of the mortality rate, and Joinpoint 4.8.0.1 software was employed to analyze the annual change trend. Results From 2012 to 2021, the death toll of cardio-cerebral vascular diseases among household-registered residents in Daxing District accounted for 50.84% of the total death toll. The crude mortality rates ranged from 278.12/100,000 to 322.70/100,000, showing an overall stable state (P=0.951). The standardized mortality rate decreased from 233.29/100,000 to 188.92/100,000, showing a downward trend (P<0.05). The crude mortality rate and the standardized mortality rate were both higher in males than in females (both P<0.05). The mortality rate of cardio-cerebral vascular diseases increased with advancing age, and death cases were mainly concentrated in residents aged ≥45 years. The mortality rates of residents in the young and middle-aged group, the middle-aged and elderly group and the younger elderly group showed downward trends over time. Among all the people who died of cardio-cerebral vascular diseases, 98.27% of the deaths were due to ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, hypertension and other types of heart diseases. The mortality rate of cardio-cerebral vascular diseases was found to be higher in rural or remote areas of Daxing District. The PYLL caused by deaths due to cardio-cerebral vascular diseases in the whole population were 5,254.50-6,747.50 person years, and the AYLL were 9.73-11.69 years per person. The PYLLR ranged from 8.17‰ to 11.53‰, showing a decreasing trend (P<0.05). The PYLL, AYLL and PYLLR were all significantly higher in males than in females. Conclusion Some effective results have been achieved in the prevention and control of cardio-cerebral vascular diseases in Daxing District in recent years, but the disease burden caused by these diseases is still serious. Targeted prevention and control measures should be taken for different populations so as to reduce the incidence and death of cardio-cerebral vascular diseases and improve the residents’ quality of life.

Objective To understand the prevalence of and time changing trend in wasting, overweight and obesity amongst children and adolescents in Wuhan City from 2019 to 2022. Methods Based on the data regarding the Monitoring and Intervention Project of Common Diseases and Health Influencing Factors among Students in Wuhan City from 2019 to 2022, body mass index (BMI) was calculated by height and weight among 18,330 children and adolescents. Cochran-Armigtage trend test was used to explore the time changing trend, and χ² test was employed to compare the differences among groups. Results The detection rate of wasting decreased from 5.20% in 2019 to 3.40% in 2022, showing a decreasing trend (Z=-3.080, P<0.05). The detection rate of obesity increased from 13.73% in 2019 to 18.07% in 2022, showing an increasing trend (Z=-4.536, P<0.05). The total detection rates of wasting, overweight and obesity were 4.10%, 17.14% and 16.36% respectively. The detection rates of wasting, overweight and obesity were all higher in male students than in female ones. The detection rates of overweight and obesity were higher in the main urban area than in the area far from the main urban area. The detection rates of wasting and overweight were found to be the highest in the group aged 15-17 years, while the detection rate of obesity was found to be the highest in the group aged 6-8 years, showing statistically significant differences in the different age groups (P<0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of wasting among children and adolescents aged 6-17 years in Wuhan City has been alleviated. The prevalence of obesity is increasing year by year, and the situation is grim.

Objective To analyze the running effectiveness of the symptom-based surveillance system among the staff who participated in the service for the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games during the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic, and to provide references for the public health security of large-scale international sports events in future. Methods We collected the data about symptom surveillance cases in the Beijing Winter Olympic and Paralympic Villages and four hotels where the service staff worked and lived during the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games. And the effectiveness and sensitivity of the symptom-based surveillance system were evaluated through the epidemiological analysis of the data. Results Throughout the entire competition, all Olympic-related personnel were under fully enclosed management, and each team had a clear responsibility for symptom monitoring. Combining personal mobile phone reporting with smart bracelet monitoring, a total of 277,600 person-times were cumulatively monitored, 77 cases were monitored for symptoms, and there were no infectious disease cases. No clustered outbreaks of infectious diseases were found, and the reporting of symptom surveillance cases was timely. Conclusion Under the severe situation of the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the symptom-based surveillance system for the service staff of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games ran effectively. Each team’s experiences like labor-division and team collaboration, clear responsibilities, fully enclosed management and use of the new technologies can provide references for similar public health security in future.

After the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, how to use disease surveillance data to establish prediction and early warning is an important research topic in the field of disease surveillance. With the rapid development of computer technology, various emerging time series models have been rapidly increasing in recent years, but there is still a lack of an overview of various disease monitoring time series prediction models. This study reviews the main disease monitoring time series prediction models both domestically and internationally in recent years and provides readers with a basic understanding of the principles, classification methods, implementation steps, and model evaluation indicators of various disease monitoring time series prediction models. At the same time, this study introduces the main software commonly used for modeling, provides readers with a detailed and comprehensive introduction to the current application progress in disease monitoring time series prediction models both domestically and internationally, and provides important references for better establishing prediction and early warning models.