Objective To explore the changing trends in the mortality rates of colorectal cancer in Beijing from 1992 to 2021, and to provide a basis for colorectal cancer prevention and treatment. Methods Based on the surveillance data about causes of deaths in Beijing from 1992 to 2021, Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the changing trends in the mortality rates of colorectal cancer, and the age-period-cohort model was employed to estimate the effects of age, period and cohort on colorectal cancer mortality in Beijing. Results Overall, the crude mortality rate of colorectal cancer among residents in Beijing during 1992-2021 showed an upward trend, increasing from 7.18/100,000 in 1992 to 22.00/100,000 in 2021. The standardized mortality rate increased from 9.70/100,000 in 1992 to 10.86/100,000 in 2021. The average annual percentage change in the standardized mortality rate was 0.43% in the whole population, 0.92% in males and -0.15% in females. Estimation based on the age-period-cohort model displayed that the risk of death in the group aged 80- years based on age effect was 143.74 times that of the group aged 20- years. In terms of period effect, the risk of death in 2017-2021 was 1.94 times that of 1992-1996. As for the birth cohort effect, the risk of death in population born in 1997-2001 decreased by 0.09 times compared with those born in 1912-1916. Conclusion Overall, the mortality rates of colorectal cancer among residents in Beijing from 1992 to 2021 were on the rise, and the mortality rate was higher in males than in females. The risk of death due to colorectal cancer showed an upward trend with age and period. Males and the elderly are the key groups of concern.

Objective To analyze the exposure level and distribution characteristics of risk factors for stroke among high-risk population in Hunan Province, and to provide a scientific basis for intervention management of high-risk population of stroke. Methods Based on the Screening and Intervention Project for People at High Risk of Stroke in 2020, a questionnaire survey, physical examination and laboratory tests were conducted on permanent residents aged 40 years and aboveselectedby a cluster sampling in 14 project implementation hospitals in 10 cities and prefectures in Hunan Province. χ² test and logistic regression were used for comparative analysis. Results A total of 49,587 residents were accumulatively screened in 2020, and 12,327 residents were at high risk of stroke, with the detection rate of 24.86%. The high-risk detection rate was higher in males than in females (31.82% vs. 19.77%, χ²=968.638, P<0.001), and showed statistically significant differences among different ages, marriage status, education levels, occupations and incomes. The top four exposure rates of risk factors in the high-risk populationof stroke were hypertension (81.43%), dyslipidemia (73.77%), lack of exercise (49.15%) and diabetes mellitus (43.80%). The rate of cumulative exposure to hypertension, dyslipidemia, lack of exercise, diabetes mellitus and smoking history was 82.17%. Apart from the exposure rate of smoking history being higher in males (59.92%) than in females (2.58%), the exposure rates of the remaining risk factors were all higher in females than in males. The exposure rate of hypertension increased with age. The exposure rates of hypertension (90.43%) and lack of exercise (65.87%) were found to be the highest among the group aged 80 years andabove. The exposure rate of abnormal blood lipids was observed to be the highest in the group aged 40-49 years (78.61%). Theexposure rate of diabetes mellitus in the group aged 60-69 years was the highest (49.00%). Conclusion The situation of stroke prevention and treatment in Hunan Province is still severe. The high risk factors for stroke mainly include hypertension, dyslipidemia, lack of exercise and diabetes mellitus. It is necessary to strengthen the intervention and management of these risk factors and further improve the ability and level of stroke prevention and treatment.

Objective To understand the prevalence and patterns of multimorbidity of chronic diseases in the middle-aged in Chaoyang District, Beijing, and to provide a basis for prevention and control of chronic diseases as well as multimorbidity management in the middle-aged. Methods We used the data regarding 17,487 permanent residents aged 45-59 years from 2021 Survey of Health Status of Residents in Chaoyang District of Beijing to analyze the multimorbidity patterns of chronic diseases among the middle-aged. The correlations and association strengths among chronic diseases were explored based on association rules. Results The prevalence rate of chronic diseases in the middle-aged in Chaoyang District of Beijing was 71.56%, with the prevalence rate of multimorbidity of chronic diseases being 37.44%. The most common binary multimorbidity pattern was hypertension and dyslipidemia (n=3,998, 22.86%), and the most common ternary multimorbidity pattern was diabetes, dyslipidemia and hypertension (n=1,279, 8.65%). A total of 17 strong association rules were identified, the results pointed to dyslipidemia (7 rules), cervical and lumbar diseases (7 rules) and hypertension (3 rules). Conclusion Multimorbidity of chronic diseases was prevalent among the middle-aged in Chaoyang District of Beijing. It is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of chronic diseases based on their characteristics, carry out health education regularly, and guide the middle-aged to participate in self-management of chronic diseases actively, thereby reducing the prevalence rate of multimorbidity of chronic diseases and improving the efficacy of chronic diseases prevention and treatment.

Objective This study aims to assess the impact of body roundness index (BRI) on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk according to obesity phenotypes. Methods Based on the data regarding the population undergoing physical examination in 2022, a total of 28,280 adults were included and classified into the following groups: the metabolically healthy normal weight (MHNW) group, the metabolically healthy overweight/obese (MHO) group, the metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MUNW) group, and the metabolically unhealthy overweight/obese (MUO) group. According to obesity phenotypes, multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the odds ratio (OR) of different BRI levels for CVD events. Results There were 5,972 adults in the MHO group, accounting for 21.1%, with the median age being 44 (35, 56) years. The incidence rates of CVD events in the MHNW group, the MHO group, the MUNW group, and the MUO group were 2.0%, 2.4%, 8.4% and 7.0% respectively. According to the multivariable logistic regression model adjusted for age, sex, smoking status and alcohol consumption, the risk of CVD events did not show a statistically significant difference between MHO participants and MHNW participants (P=0.180). According to the low-, medium- and high-BRI level groups based on further classification of the BRI, the multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that MHO participants with medium- and high-BRI levels had a higher risk of CVD events (OR=1.529, 95%CIs: 1.004-2.328; OR=1.425, 95%CIs: 1.032-1.968) compared with MHNW participants with low-BRI level. Conclusion Attention should still be paid to individuals with MHO. It is necessary to timely initiate lifestyle interventions, especially for controlling abdominal obesity.

Objective To explore the status of early cognitive dysfunction and its affecting factors among middle-aged and elderly patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) in Suzhou area. Methods Three hundred and ninety middle-aged and elderly OSAHS patients undergoing medical examinations or physical examinations in the Outpatient Department and Physical Examination Center, the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from July 2022 to July 2023 were selected as the research subjects. Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale was used to evaluate the patients’ cognitive function, and then all the patients were divided into the cognitive normal group and the cognitive impairment group according to the evaluation results. The baseline data of the two groups were collected, and the polysomnography (PSG) related index levels of the two groups were recorded. Single-factor and multi-factor logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the related factors affecting early cognitive function in the middle-aged and elderly OSAHS patients. Results Among the 390 middle-aged and elderly OSAHS patients, the MoCA scale scores were 18-30 (25.69±2.37) points. There were 179 (45.90%) cases of cognitive impairment and 211 (54.10%) cases of normal cognitive function. There were statistically significant differences between the cognitive impairment group and the cognitive normal group in terms of age, body mass index, years of education, blood glucose, blood lipids, weekly frequency of physical exercise and mean arterial oxygen saturation (MSaO₂) (P<0.05). The results of multi-factor logistic regression analysis displayed that the older (OR=1.603, 95%CI: 1.185-2.168), higher body mass index (OR=1.863, 95%CI: 1.286-2.698), relatively shorter years of education (5-9 years) (OR=1.539, 95%CI: 1.195-1.981), abnormal blood glucose (OR=2.735, 95%CI: 1.166-6.415), abnormal blood lipids (OR=3.873, 95%CI: 1.116-13.448), weekly frequency of physical exercise ≤3 times (OR=2.280, 95%CI: 1.251-4.153), lower MSaO₂ (OR=0.490, 95%CI: 0.333-0.721) were risk factors affecting early cognitive function in the middle-aged and elderly OSAHS patients. Conclusion The prevalence rate of cognitive dysfunction in the OSAHS patients in Suzhou area is high, which is affected by age, body mass index, years of education, blood glucose, blood lipids, weekly frequency of physical exercise and MSaO₂.

Objective To systematically evaluate the preventive effect of early exercise intervention on lower extremity deep venous thrombosis (LDVT) in stroke patients with hemiplegia using a meta-analysis method. Methods We systematically searched Chinese and English databases such as CNKI, Wanfang Database, VIP, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science, and then collected the randomized controlled trials of early exercise intervention on LDVT in stroke patients with hemiplegia. The search time was from the establishment of the databases to December 31, 2023. Quality assessment and data extraction were performed on the included literatures. Stata 16.0 and RevMan 5.4 software were used to conduct a meta-analysis on various outcome indicators. Results A total of 16 literatures were included in the meta-analysis, involving 1,997 stroke patients with hemiplegia, of which 728 received early exercise intervention. The meta-analysis results displayed that early exercise intervention could effectively decline the incidence rate of LDVT (OR=0.22, 95%CI: 0.14-0.34) and improve mean blood flow velocity (MD=3.02 cm/s, 95%CI: 1.70-4.35 cm/s), peak blood flow velocity (MD=4.04 cm/s, 95%CI: 2.62-5.46 cm/s), score of Fugl-Meyer Assessment Scale (FMA) (MD=11.23, 95%CI: 7.07-15.39) and score of National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) (MD=-0.90, 95%CI: -1.14--0.66) in the stroke patients with hemiplegia, and all the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). No obvious publication bias was found among the studies, and the overall combined results were relatively robust. Conclusion Early exercise intervention can effectively decrease the incidence rate of LDVT and improve venous blood flow velocity, lower limb motor function and neurological function deficit in the patients with hemiplegic stroke, and also can play a neuroprotective role while having a prevention effect on LDVT.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological features of scarlet fever in Hubei Province from 2013 to 2022, and to provide references and a basis for scarlet fever prevention and control. Methods Case information and population data about scarlet fever cases in Hubei Province from 2013 to 2022 were collected from the China Disease Control and Prevention Information System, and the time, regional and population distribution characteristics of scarlet fever cases were described. The seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) and neural network autoregression (NNETAR) models were established respectively. The prediction effects of the models were evaluated, and the incidence rate of scarlet fever in Hubei Province in 2023 was predicted. Results A total of 8,384 cases of scarlet fever wereaccumulativelyreported in Hubei Province from 2013 to 2022, with no deaths reported. The average annual incidence rate was 1.43/100,000. The incidence showed a fluctuating upward trend in 2013-2019, a significant decrease in 2020, and a gradual increase in 2020-2022. The peak incidence occured in April-June and from November to January of the following year, with obvious seasonality. The incidence rate in southwest Hubei was relatively high, and the high incidence area was stable, without significant changes over the years. The incidence rate was found to be the highest in the groups aged 6 and 5 years, mainly including students, kindergarten children and scattered children. The high-incidence age group and population classification were relatively stable, with no significant changing trend. The NNETAR model fitted and predicted the incidence rate of scarlet fever better, and the prediction results suggested that the incidence rate of scarlet fever in Hubei Province would continue to rise in 2023. Conclusion The incidence rates of scarlet fever in Hubei Province in 2013-2019 and 2020-2022 both showed an upward trend, and it was expected that the incidence rate would continue to rise in 2023. The incidence of scarlet fever in Hubei Province in 2013-2022 had obvious seasonal, regional, and population distribution characteristics, and the distribution was relatively stable.

Objective To understand the dietary patterns and their affecting factors among residents from the Dong ethnic group in Wuling Mountain area, Huaihua City, and to provide references and a basis for carrying out targeted nutritional education and interventions. Methods Through a multi-stage stratified sampling, 311 ethnic Dong residents aged 12-60 years in Tongdao Dong Autonomous County, Huaihua City in July-August 2022 were selected as the surveyed subjects. A food frequency questionnaire was used to obtain the frequency and average daily intake of various foods consumed by theethnic Dong residents over the past year. Factor analysis was employed to establish dietary patterns, and multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to identify demographic factors influencing the ethnic Dong residents’ dietary patterns. Results The ethnic Dong residents in Huaihua City showed excessive intake of livestock and poultry meat, and cereals, with the excess intake rates of 66.45% and 72.64% respectively. Conversely, there were insufficient intakes of milk and dairy products, fish, shrimp and shellfish, tubers, fruits, vegetables and eggs, with the deficiency rates being 97.39%, 90.88%, 89.90%, 82.08%, 78.83% and 70.03% respectively. Factor analysis revealed four dietary patterns: Dong-specific pattern, daily balanced pattern, side dish pattern, and traditional main and side dish pattern, with the cumulative variance contribution rate of 53.4%. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that gender and age were related to the Dong-specific pattern (β=-0.939, P<0.01; β=-0.035, P<0.05), household income was correlated with the daily balanced pattern (β=-0.538, P<0.01), age and household income were associated with the side dish pattern (β=-0.046, P<0.05; β=-0.526, P<0.05), and gender and household income were related to the traditional main and side dish pattern (β=1.478, P<0.01; β=0.839, P<0.01). Conclusion There are unreasonable phenomena in all four dietary patterns of the ethnic Dong residents in Huaihua City. The Dong-specific pattern may be the risk factor for primary hypertension. Gender, age and household income are important factors influencing the four dietary patterns.

Objective To analyze the epidemic features of diarrhea induced by rotavirus (RV) and its vaccination status in Pudong New Area of Shanghai Municipality from 2014 to 2023, and to provide a basis for scientific prevention and control of RV diarrhea. Methods We collected the data about cases of RV-induced diarrhea in Pudong New Area of Shanghai Municipality during 2014-2023 for performing descriptive analysis. Results A total of 805 cases of RV-induced diarrhea were reported in Pudong New Area of Shanghai Municipality from 2014 to 2023, with no deaths. The annual average reported incidence rate was 1.44/100,000. The incidence was high in winter (from December to March of the following year). The male-to-female ratio was 1.33∶1. The incidence was mainly concentrated in infants and young children aged 0-4 years, with the highest incidence in the 1-year-old group (583.73/100,000). In terms of occupational distribution, the proportion of scattered children was the highest (65.59%). The coverage of RV vaccination before the onset of the disease among children cases was relatively low, and the vaccination rates of 1, 2 and 3 doses of RV vaccine among children under 5 years old were 37.00%, 20.28% and 12.07% respectively. Conclusion It is necessary to strengthen the publicity of prevention and control knowledge according to the epidemic season and high-risk population of RV-induced diarrhea, increase the vaccination rate of RV vaccine among age-appropriate children, and reduce the incidence rate.

Objective To investigate the psychological status and intentions to get vaccinated against influenza among female residents in Shenzhen City, and to analyze the relationships between mental health status and influenza vaccination intentions among them. Methods A convenient sampling method was used to randomly select female residents aged 18 years and above in Shenzhen City. A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect their general information and influenza vaccination intentions, and their psychological distress status was assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4). χ² test and logistic regression analysis were performed to analyze the relationships between female psychological distress status and influenza vaccination intentions. Results A total of 1,120 female residents in Shenzhen City were enrolled into this study, with the average ages of (36.89±9.94) years. Female residents suffering from psychological distress accounted for 44.11%, those willing to get vaccinated against influenza for themselves 36.25%, and those willing to receive free influenza vaccine for their children 89.01%. Compared with females without psychological distress, those with psychological distress had a lower willingness to receive influenza vaccination for themselves (OR=0.763, 95%CI: 0.592-0.983), and those with severe psychological distress had the lowest willingness to have their children receive free influenza vaccination (OR=0.121, 95%CI: 0.028-0.522). The higher the score of female psychological distress, the lower the willingness of females to receive influenza vaccinationfor themselves or their children(OR=0.939, 95%CI: 0.891-0.990; OR=0.892, 95%CI: 0.803-0.992). Conclusion Psychological distress of the females in Shenzhen City can reduce their willingness to receive influenza vaccine, and females with normal mental health status are more willing to receive influenza vaccination for themselves or their children. It is suggested that intervention measures such as psychological counseling and popularization of vaccine knowledge should be provided for the females while carrying out influenza vaccinationin the future.

Objective To analyze the factors influencing secondary cardiac injury (SCI) in childrenpatientswith Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP), and to build a nomogram-based risk prediction model and verify it. Methods We retrospectively selected 93 children patients with HSP admitted to the First People's Hospital of Huainan City from January 2021 to December 2023, and then they were divided into the occurrence group and the non-occurrence group according to whether they had SCI. The children patients’ clinical data were collected, the factors affecting SCI among them were analyzed, and a nomogram-based prediction model was constructed. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted, and the area under the curve (AUC) was used to analyze the predictive efficacy of the prediction model for the risk of SCI in the children patients. Results Among the 93 children patients with HSP, 33 (35.48%) cases suffered from SCI (the occurrence group), and 60 (64.52%) cases had no SCI (the non-occurrence group). Univariate analysis revealed that the proportions of mixed HSP, severe disease, and complicated nephritis, and the levels of creatine kinase isoenzymes-MB(CK-MB), cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were all higher in the occurrence group than in the non-occurrence group (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis displayed that mixed HSP (OR=2.755, 95%CI: 1.582-4.797), complicated nephritis (OR=4.125, 95%CI: 1.701-10.004), the increased level of cTnI (OR=5.663, 95%CI: 3.408-9.408) and the increased level of hs-CRP (OR=3.427, 95%CI: 1.892-6.206) were independent risk factors for SCI in the children patients with HSP (P<0.05). Bootstrap internal validation of the nomogram-based prediction model constructed based on the above-mentioned influencing factors demonstrated that the C-index was 0.858 (95%CI: 0.762-0.954), and the calibration curve for predicting SCI in the children patients was close to the ideal curve (P>0.05). The results of ROC curve presented that the sensitivity and specificity of the nomogram-based prediction model for predicting SCI in the children patients were 87.90% and 88.30% respectively, with the AUC being 0.886 (95%CI: 0.795-0.977) (P<0.05). Conclusion Mixed HSP, complicated nephritis, and the increased levels of cTnI and hs-CRP are related affecting factors for SCI in the children patients with HSP. The nomogram-based prediction model established based on the above-mentioned influencing factors can better evaluate the risk of SCI in the children patients with HSP.

Objective To explore the willingness to receive and recommend human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and their affecting factors among medical professionals in Guilin City, and to provide references and a basis for promoting HPV vaccine. Methods A convenience sampling method was used to recruit 6,443 medical professionals in Guilin City, and then a web-based questionnaire survey was conducted to collect their related information. We compared the impacts of different influencing factors on willingness to receive and recommend HPV vaccination among the medical professionals. Results The rates of HPV vaccine awareness and willingness to receive and recommend HPV vaccination among the medical professionals in Guilin City were 82.49%, 90.84% and 87.61% respectively. Logistic regression analysis displayed that factors affecting the willingness to receive HPV vaccination were males (OR=0.257, 95%CI: 0.206-0.319), 30-44 years old (OR=0.707, 95%CI: 0.514-0.971), senior title (OR=0.643, 95%CI: 0.459-0.901) and being aware of HPV vaccine (OR=2.087, 95%CI: 1.650-2.639), and factors influencing the willingness to recommend HPV vaccination were males (OR=0.799, 95%CI:0.653-0.978), 30-44 years old (OR=1.544, 95%CI: 1.307-1.823), ≥45 years old (OR=2.104, 95%CI: 1.638-2.703), secondary (OR=0.469, 95%CI: 0.255-0.862) and tertiary (OR=0.432, 95%CI: 0.235-0.794) medical institutions, junior college and undergraduate (OR=1.461, 95%CI: 1.089-1.960), having a position (OR=1.525, 95%CI:1.200-1.938), being aware of HPV vaccine (OR=2.007, 95%CI: 1.679-2.400) and having received HPV vaccine (OR=2.695, 95%CI: 2.220-3.271). The main reasons for unwillingness to be vaccinated against HPV were as follows: perceiving themselves as not being at risk of HPV infection, cervical cancer and anal cancer (40.86%) and the high price of the vaccine (39.85%). The principal measures that could promote HPV vaccination were providing information on effectiveness (94.19%) and safety (88.48%), lowering the vaccine price and increasing the coverage rate (75.22%). Conclusion The medical professionals in the surveyed area had a high willingness for receiving and recommending HPV vaccination. The medical professionals’ willingness for receiving and recommending HPV vaccination can be increased by focusing on training on the effectiveness and safety of the vaccine and lowering the price of the vaccine, thus promoting HPV vaccination in the population.

Objective To investigate the epidemic features of and trends in injury deaths inthe population aged 0-19 years in Zhuzhou City from 2016 to 2022, and to provide a basis for developing intervention measures. Methods We collected the surveillance data about causes of deaths in Zhuzhou City during 2016-2022 from the Population Death Information Registration and Management System, and then calculated the number of deaths, crude mortality rate and standardized mortality rate of the population aged 0-19 years in different genders, places of residence and age groups from 2016 to 2022. Joinpoint 5.0 statistical software was used to calculate the average annual percent change (AAPC) in the crude mortality rate and the standardized mortality rate. Results The average annual mortality rate of injuries among children and adolescents aged 0-19 years in Zhuzhou City from 2016 to 2022 was 12.31/100,000, accounting for 39.24% of all causes of deaths in this population. The injury-related mortality rate of males was higher than that of females in each year. The top three causes of injury-related deaths were drowning, road traffic injuries and falls. The standardized mortality rate of injuries decreased from 18.42/100,000 in 2016 to 9.69/100,000 in 2022, with a statistically significant difference (AAPC=-8.89, 95%CI: -13.01--3.53). The mortality rate of drowning decreased from 8.68/100,000 in 2016 to 3.13/100,000 in 2022, showing a statistically significant difference (AAPC=-16.76, 95%CI: -22.02--9.43). The mortality rate of accidental poisoning decreased from 0.38/100,000 in 2016 to 0.12/100,000 in 2022, displaying a statistically significant difference (AAPC=-16.21, 95%CI:-28.89--1.01). The suicide mortality rate increased from 0.25/100,000 in 2018 to 1.16/100,000 in 2022, demonstrating a statistically significant difference (AAPC=47.82, 95%CI: 13.98-90.94). Conclusion The mortality rates of injuries, drowning and accidental poisoning among children and adolescents aged 0-19 years in Zhuzhou City during 2016-2022 showed decreasing trends, but the suicide mortality rates displayed an upward trend. It is necessary to actively pay attention to the issue of injuries among the children and adolescents, and identify high-risk groups andmain types of injuries in different age groups so as to carry out targeted work on injury prevention and control.

Objective To compare the predictive effects of different forecast models on the maternal mortality rate (MMR) in Hunan Province, to construct an appropriate model for predicting the MMR level in Hunan Province from 2024 to 2025, and to provide data support for implementation of construction of a healthy Hunan during the 14th Five-Year Plan period. Methods Data regarding MMR in Hunan Province during 2010-2023 were collected from Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Information Direct Reporting Management System and Annual Reports on Maternal and Child Health in Hunan Province. Based on the MMR data from 2010 to 2022, grey GM(1,1) and Joinpoint regression models were used to fit the prediction model respectively. The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and mean square error (MSE) were utilized to evaluate the back substitution and prediction effect about the grey GM(1,1) and Joinpoint regression models. The actual and predicted values of the MMR in Hunan Province in 2023 were compared, and the relative error (RE) was used for evaluating the prediction effect. The model with better prediction performance was employed to predict the MMR in Hunan Province in 2024-2025. Results The GM(1,1) (MAPE=8.88%, MSE=1.25) model had better predictive performance than the Joinpoint regression model (MAPE=10.29%, MSE=2.21). The fitted model was X⁽¹⁾(k+1)=-221.6385e^-0.0952k+248.3335. The predicted values of the MMR in Hunan Province in 2024-2025 were 5.84/100,000 and 5.31/100,000 respectively. Conclusion In terms of prediction of the MMR in Hunan Province, the prediction effect of the grey GM (1,1) model is superior to that of the Joinpoint regression model, and the MMR in Hunan Province in 2024-2025 still shows a downward trend.

Objective To understand the current status of tobacco use and its affecting factors among adolescents in Hubei Province, and to provide references and a basis for formulating targeted tobacco control measures for adolescents. Methods A stratified multi-stage cluster random sampling was used to select 30 junior middle schools and 30 high schools in Hubei Province, and 9,531 valid questionnaires were obtained by self-completion. After complex weighting for the samples, the complex samples module of SPSS 21.0 was used for data statistical analysis. Results The attempted smoking rate among adolescents in Hubei Province was 16.39%, with the current smoking rate being 3.15%. The attempted smoking rate and current smoking rate were both higher in vocational high school students than in general high school students and junior middle school students. Logistic regression analysis revealed that male students (OR=3.128, 95%CI: 2.179-4.492), having a disposable pocket money of ≥50 yuan per week (OR=2.008, 95%CI: 1.408-2.865), having good friends who smoked (OR=8.556, 95%CI: 5.823-12.572), seeing other people smoking on campus in the past 30 days (OR=1.947, 95%CI: 1.402-2.705), having someone smoking at home in the past 7 days (OR=2.423, 95%CI: 1.818-3.227) and considering that smoking was attractive (OR=3.331, 95%CI: 2.279-4.870) were risk factors for current smoking. Conclusion The situation of adolescent tobacco use in Hubei Province should not be ignored, and the factors affecting adolescent smoking are common. Targeted interventions on campus tobacco control should be carried out to reduce the harm from tobacco in future.

Objective To explore the epidemiological features of pertussis in Chengdu City in 2014-2023, and to provide references and a basis for pertussis prevention and control. Methods Data about the reported cases of pertussis in Chengdu City during 2014-2023 were collected from the Chinese Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemiological features of reported cases of pertussis. Results A total of 2,379 pertussis cases were reported in Chengdu City during 2014-2023, and the reported incidence rate was 1.49/100,000. The average reported incidence rates of pertussis in different districts (cities) and counties ranged between 0.15/100,000 and 3.21/100,000. The reported incidence rate of the group less than 1 year old was found to be the highest (58.56/100,000), accounting for 37.32%. The reported incidence rate of the group aged ≥ 10 years was found to be the lowest, with the reported incidence rate being 0.06/100,000 (accounting for 5.72%). There were 1,532 laboratory-confirmed cases, accounting for 64.40% of the total number of cases. Conclusion The incidence of pertussis in Chengdu City during 2014-2023 showed a fluctuating upward trend. It is necessary to pay special attention to pertussis prevention and control in children less than 1 year old, and further optimize the immunization strategy for children.

Objective To explore the application values of tumor suppressor gene p16 (P16), tumor proliferation marker Ki-67 (Ki-67) and carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) in early screening of cervical cancer. Methods One hundred and twenty patients undergoing cervical cancer screening in Qinghai Red Cross Hospital from July 2021 to September 2023 were selected as the research subjects. All patients underwent testing for P16 and Ki-67 in cervical tissues and serum CA125. Using the pathological examination results as the gold standard, the patients were divided into the inflammation group (n=57) and the cervical cancer group (n=63). We compared the differences in the results of testing for P16, Ki-67 and CA125 between the two groups. The roles of P16, Ki-67 and CA125 in screening for cervical cancer were analyzed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results The positive rates of P16, Ki-67 and CA125 were significantly higher in the cervical cancer group than in the inflammation group (85.71% vs. 7.02%, 88.89% vs. 12.18%, 85.71% vs. 14.03%), showing statistically significant differences (all P<0.05). The areas under the ROC curve for detection of single indicator including P16, Ki-67 and CA125 as well as combined detection of the above-mentioned three indicators were 0.802, 0.813, 0.754 and 0.881 respectively, with the sensitivities being 85.71%, 88.89%, 85.71%, and 90.15% respectively, and the specificities being 92.98%, 87.72%, 85.96% and 90.46% respectively. The accuracy of combined detection of P16, Ki-67 and CA125 for cervical cancer screening was higher than that of single indicator detection (P<0.05). Conclusion P16, Ki-67 and CA125 have certain diagnostic values for early-stage cervical cancer. Combined detection of the above-mentioned three indicators has high accuracy and specificity, and is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer.

Objective To establish an evaluation index system for medical service capacity of geriatric hospitals, and to provide a basis for the construction and evaluation of geriatric hospitals. Methods The framework of the index system for medical service capability of geriatric hospitals was initially determined through the methods of literature reviews and field surveys. With the Delphi method, the evaluation indexes were identifiedpreliminarilyafter two rounds of screening. The weights of the indexes were calculated by using the hierarchical analysis method. Results The authority coefficient of expert consultation in this study was 0.847. The positive coefficient of both rounds of expert consultation was 100.00%, and the coefficients of Kendall's harmony were 0.247 and 0.198 respectively. After the two rounds of consultation, we finally constructed an evaluation index system with 5 first-level indexes including hospital scale, quality of medical care, safety of medical care, health management and promotion, and ageing-appropriate services, as well as 22 second-level indexes, and the weights of indexes in all levels were assigned. Conclusion This study constructs an evaluation index system for medical service capacity of geriatric hospitals, with highly-motivated experts, high authority and well coordination. The screened assessment indexes can provide a basis for assessing the service capacity of geriatric hospitals, but the index system needs to be further improved later on by means of empirical application and other means.

Aconitum as an important medicinal material in traditional Chinese medicine has good anti-inflammatory, analgesic and cardiotonic effects, which is not only widely used in clinics, but also used as a tonic in daily life. Aconitum alkaloids(AAs) are the main active ingredients, but they are also the main toxic substances. The cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity of AAs arewidely concerned by the public, and poisoning casualties caused by AAs occur every year, which seriously affect the public's health and safety. In order to effectively reduce the risk of casualties caused by accidental ingestion or malicious poisoning, this study summarizes the research status of different processing and metabolic degradation rule as well as the applicationof common detection technologies, and looks forward to the changes in advantages of degradation rules and screening technology in emergency poisoning events, aiming at providing rapid and accurate screening technology as well as references for poisoning diagnosis and medical treatment.