Objective To analyze the long-term changing trends in mortality burden due to high systolic blood pressure (SBP) in China from 1990 to 2019, and to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of various chronic diseases. Methods Data about deaths attributable to high SBP in China, the global and regions with different socio-demographic index (SDI) from 1990 to 2019 were sourced from the database about Global Burden of Disease study. Joinpoint regression model and age-period-cohort model were employed to analyze changes in the burden of mortality. Results The crude mortality rate attributable to high SBP in China from 1990 to 2019 showed an increasing trend, but the age-standardized mortality rate showed a decreasing trend, with the average annual percent change (AAPC) values being 1.96% (95%CI: 1.94%-1.99%) and -0.78% (95%CI: -0.81% - -0.76%) respectively. The reduction in the age-standardized mortality rates of the global, high SDI and medium-high SDI regions was greater than that in China, and the AAPC values of the global, high SDI and medium-high SDI regions were 1.54, 3.67 and 2.01 times that of China respectively. The results of the age-period-cohort model showed an exponential increase in the mortality rate attributable to high SBP in China in the same birth cohort, increasing from 7.38/100,000 (95%CI: 6.29/100,000-8.66/100,000) at ages 25-29 to 5,561.57/100,000 (95%CI: 5,281.82/100,000-5,856.14/100,000) at ages 90-94. The closer the period and the later the birth cohort, the lower the risk of death. Conclusion The burden of mortality attributable to high SBP in China from 1990 to 2019 still remained at a relatively high level, and the age effect had a significant impact on the mortality rate attributable to high SBP. It is necessary to further improve primary health care and strengthen the management of high-risk groups so as to effectively control deaths attributable to high SBP.

Objective To explore the correlations among short-video use, fear of missing out (FoMO) and loneliness in the middle-aged and elderly, as well as the mediating role of FoMO between short-video use and loneliness. Methods Two hundred and eighty-two middle-aged and elderly persons with experience of using short videos were investigated by the General Information Questionnaire, Social Network Use Intensity Scale, 6-item UCLA Loneliness Scale and Fear of Missing Out Scale. Partial correlation analysis was employed to identify the relationships among intensity of short-video use, loneliness and FoMO. Bootstrap method was applied to testing the mediating role of FoMO. Results The scores of intensity of short-video use, FoMO and loneliness in the middle-aged and elderly users were (3.11±0.86), (2.55±0.86) and (2.01±0.66) respectively. Living status, household monthly income per person and self-rated health status had impacts on the score of loneliness (P<0.05). There were significant positive correlations between intensity of short-video use and loneliness (r=0.157, P<0.01), FoMO (r=0.357, P<0.001), as well as between FoMO and loneliness (r=0.553, P<0.001). Bootstrap test indicated that the indirect effect value of FoMO between intensity of short-video use and loneliness in the middle-aged and elderly was 0.194 (Bootstrap 95%CI: 0.122-0.279). Conclusion The intensity of short-video use has a positive predictive effect on loneliness in the middle-aged and elderly, and FoMO plays a mediating role between intensity of short-video use and loneliness.

Objective To explore the impact of adolescent Internet addiction on alcohol consumption as well as the mediating and moderating roles of anxiety and family support. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among adolescents in Bao’an District, Shenzhen City from November to December 2022. A stratified random sampling method was used in this study, and questionnaire surveys were conducted by using the General Information Questionnaire (GIQ), Young’s Diagnostic Questionnaire (YDQ), the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) and Family APGAR Index (APGAR). Entire data processing was done using SPSS 25.0 software and the Process plugin. Results A total of 3,121 subjects were enrolled in this study, with boys and girls accounting for 54.98% and 45.02% respectively. Subjects who did not consume alcohol in the past year, those who consumed alcohol less than once a month in the past year and those who consumed alcohol once a month or more in the past year accounted for 75.26%, 18.81% and 5.93% of the surveyed subjects respectively. The study results displayed that alcohol consumption was correlated with age, gender, school type, family support, anxiety and Internet addiction (r_range: -0.143-0.187). After considering factors such as age, gender and school type, the mediating analysis model showed that Internet addiction had a significant positive impact on alcohol consumption (β=0.132, P<0.001), and could affect alcohol consumption through anxiety. Anxiety played a partial mediating role between adolescent Internet addiction and alcohol consumption, with the proportion of the mediating effect being 46.21%. Family support played a negative moderating role in the path between adolescent Internet addiction and anxiety (β=-0.321, P<0.001), but did not play a moderating role in the path between anxiety and alcohol consumption. Conclusion Internet addiction can affect adolescent alcohol consumption through anxiety. Family support can reduce the impact of Internet addiction on anxiety, thereby reducing adolescent alcohol consumption.

Objective To analyze the mortality rates, premature death probabilities and difference decomposition analyses of death causes of four major chronic diseases (including malignant tumors, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes mellitus) among permanent residents in Tongliao City from 2018 to 2022, and to provide a basis for comprehensively promoting the construction of healthy Tongliao and formulating strategies for prevention and control of chronic diseases in line with local realities. Methods Excel 2019 and SPSS 20.0 software were used for data cleaning, collation and analysis. We calculated the indices like the crude death rates (CDRs), standardized mortality ratios (SMRs), and premature death probabilities of the four major chronic diseases in Tongliao City. The Joinpoint Regression Program 4.2 software was applied to calculating the annual percentage change (APC) and describing the annual changes. The mortality difference decomposition method was employed to analyze the contribution of demographic and non-demographic factors to the mortality rates of the four major chronic diseases. Results The crude mortality rate of the four major chronic diseases among residents in Tongliao City during 2018-2022 showed an upward trend (APC=8.63%, t=10.495, P<0.05), while there was no obvious changing trend in the standardized mortality ratio (P>0.05). The crude mortality rates of malignant tumors (APC=5.29%, t=4.977, P<0.05), cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (APC=10.09%, t=9.827, P<0.05) and chronic respiratory diseases (APC=6.82%, t=3.548, P<0.05) showed upward trends, but there was no obvious changing trend in diabetes mellitus (P>0.05). No obvious changing trends were found in the standardized mortality ratios of the four chronic diseases (P>0.05). The premature death probability of malignant tumors showed a downward trend (APC=-6.03%, t=-6.425, P<0.05), but no obvious changing trends were observed in the other three major chronic diseases (P>0.05). Both demographic and non-demographic factors promoted the increases in the mortality rates of the four major chronic diseases, among which demographic factors promoted the increases in the mortality rates of the above-mentioned four chronic diseases, and non-demographic factors reduced the mortality rates of malignant tumors and chronic respiratory diseases. Conclusion The mortality rate of the four major chronic diseases in Tongliao City from 2018 to 2022 was on the rise due to the influence of population aging. The local residents’ mortality rates of chronic diseases can be effectively reduced through strengthening the intervention of non-demographic factors such as medical security and the levels of disease prevention, control, diagnosis and treatment.

Objective To understand the epidemiological and genetic characteristics of norovirus (NoV) in Yangzhou area so as to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of NoV outbreaks in this area. Methods We collected anal swabs, fecal specimens and case information of cases from the active surveillance of foodborne diseases and the surveillance of diarrhea outbreaks in Yangzhou area from January 2019 to February 2023. Real-time RT-PCR was used to detect NoV, and the amplified gene fragments in NoV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp)-viral capsid protein 1(VP1) region were sequenced for genotyping, phylogenetic tree construction and recombination analysis. Results The positive rate of NoV in 4,167 samples from the foodborne disease surveillance was 4.03%. The annual positive detection rates showed a decreasing trend year by year (P<0.05), and the positive detection rate in the first quarter was the highest (P<0.05). The constituent ratios of GⅠ infection, GⅡ infection and GⅠ+GⅡ co-infection were 16.07%, 76.79% and 7.14% respectively. Among 21 diarrhea outbreaks, 20 were NoV outbreaks, accounting for 95.24%, and 10 of them occurred in the first quarter, accounting for 50.00%. All the outbreaks had occurred inkindergartens and primary schools. Among 476 specimens, 327 were positive for NoV, with the positive rate of 68.70%. No statistically significant difference was found in the annual positive detection rates (P>0.05). The constituent ratios of GⅠ infection, GⅡ infection and GⅠ+GⅡ co-infection were 10.09%, 88.99% and 0.92% respectively, which were statistically significantly different from the constituent ratios of NoV genome in specimens from the foodborne disease surveillance (P<0.05). Based on the surveillance of foodborne diseases and diarrhea outbreaks, there was no statistically significant difference in the positive detection rates of NoV between different genders (P>0.05). The NoV infection rate was found to be significantly lower in the group aged above 55 years based on the foodborne disease surveillance (P<0.05), but no NoV infection was found in the group aged above 55 years based on the surveillance of diarrhea outbreaks. There were no statistically significant differences in the NoV-positive detection rates among all age groups (P>0.05) except the group aged above 55 years. Among the 97 RdRp-VP1 sequences, 23 strains in GⅠ genome were divided into four genotypes, with GⅠ.3P [P13]being continuously prevalent strain, and 74 strains in GⅡ genome were divided into eight genotypes, of which GⅡ.2[P16], GⅡ.6[P7]and GⅡ.3[P12]were continuously prevalent. The results of Blast comparison displayed that NoV showed a global prevalence trend based on cross-regional transmission, and the composition of epidemic genotypes in this area varied from year to year. Phylogenetic tree analysis of RdRp and VP1 regions demonstrated that the homotypic sequences were clustered and belonged to the same evolutionary branch as the reference strain, with the internal homologies being 96.8%-100.0%. Simplot and RDP4 recombination analysis indicated that all the 7 NoV recombinant strains were intertype recombination, and the corresponding P values of Ramer-Douglas-Peucker algorithm ranged from 6.984×10^-20 to 1.471×10^-2. Conclusion NoV infection in Yangzhou area was in a low-level sporadic epidemic situation. Primary schools and kindergartens are the key points of prevention and control, and winter and spring are the high-incidence seasons. The composition of NoV genome from the foodborne disease surveillance is more complex. The NoV genotypes in this area show the characteristics of genetic diversity, and genotypes GⅠ.3[P13], GⅡ.2 [P16], GⅡ.6 [P7]and GⅡ.3[P12]are the main prevalent genotypes in recent years.

Objective To describe the epidemiological characteristics of recurrent hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) infections in Wenzhou City from 2013 to 2022, to analyze the factors influencing recurrent infections, and to provide scientific guidance for prevention and control re-infections. Methods The reported information about HFMD in Wenzhou City during 2013-2022 was derived from the China Disease Surveillance Information Reporting and Management System, and the information regarding re-infections was screened. Descriptive epidemiological methods and statistics were used to describe their epidemic characteristics. Pearson χ² test was employed to screen for relevant variables. A multivariate logistic regression model was applied to identifying the factors influencing recurrent HFMD infections. Results The recurrent infection rate of HFMD in Wenzhou City from 2013 to 2022 was 2.27%. The initial age of each infection was different (P<0.05). The recurrent infection rate of HFMD was found to be higher in scattered children (χ²=334.851, P<0.05) and coastal districts and counties (χ²=3,982.100, P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis displayed that males (OR=1.160, 95%CI: 1.099-1.225), scattered children (OR=1.114, 95%CI: 1.023-1.214) and initial infection occurring in the epidemic season (OR=1.241, 95%CI: 1.142-1.349) were risk factors for recurrent infections, while years with high incidence (OR=0.801, 95%CI: 0.760-0.845) and living in urban residential areas (OR=0.567, 95%CI: 0.527-0.609) were protective factors against recurrent infections. Conclusion HFMD in Wenzhou City is prone to repeated infections within 30-40 months after the onset, with the highest risk occurring between the ages of 1 and 2. The government should pay special attention to young male scattered children in all areas (especially coastal areas) except urban areas and intervene to prevent HFMD during the epidemic season of years with low incidence of HFMD.

Objective To study the separate and interactive effects of overweight/obesity and mobile electronic device usage time on myopia among Mongolian children and adolescents in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Methods A total of 34,731 Mongolian children and adolescents aged 8-17 years from a project regarding monitoring of common diseases and health risk factors among students in Inner Mongolia in 2022 underwent physical examination and questionnaire interviews, and then we collected their information about general condition, obesity, and myopia. A logistic regression model based on generalized linear model was used to explore the relationships of overweight/obesity and mobile electronic device usage time with myopia, and stratified analyses were performed to examine age and gender differences. Results The prevalence rate of myopia was 63.3% among the 34,731 Mongolian children and adolescents. The prevalence rate of myopia was higher in girls than in boys (68.7% vs. 57.8%) as well as higher in adolescents aged 13-17 years than in children aged 8-12 years (71.4% vs. 53.6%). Children and adolescents with excessive use of mobile electronic devices were at higher risk of myopia than those without excessive use (OR=1.25, 95%CI: 1.19-1.31). Boys who were overweight/obese had a higher risk of myopia than those who were not overweight/obese (OR=1.11, 95%CI: 1.03-1.19), and children and adolescents who were overweight/obese and had excessive mobile electronic device use had a higher risk of myopia than those who were not overweight/obese and had no excessive mobile electronic device use (OR=1.31, 95%CI: 1.20-1.43). Conclusion Overweight/obesity and excessive use of mobile electronic devices are associated with myopia in the children and adolescents. These modifiable behaviors such as overweight/obesity and mobile electronic device usage time should be noted in myopia prevention and control.

Objective To analyze the pathogenic composition of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Jiaxing City in 2022, to study the genetic features of coxsackievirus A4 (CV-A4), and to provide a basis for HFMD prevention and control. Methods A total of 585 anal and throat swabs collected from children clinically diagnosed with HFMD in Jiaxing City in 2022 were detected for enterovirus (EV), enterovirus A71 (EV-A71), coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16), coxsackievirus A6 (CV-A6) and coxsackievirus A10 (CV-A10) nucleic acids. Gene sequencing was conducted on untyped samples, phylogenetic trees were constructed for CV-A4 samples, and nucleotide and amino acid sequence analyses were performed. Results A total of 585 clinical samples of HFMD were collected in 2022, and 302 CV-A6-positive samples, 91 CV-A16-positive samples and 71 CV-A10-positive samples were detected, accounting for 51.62%, 15.56% and 12.14% respectively. 78 EV-positive samples that were non-EV-A71/CV-A6/CV-A10/CV-A16 genotypes were detected, accounting for 13.33%. Partial EV-positive samples that were non-EV-A71/CV-A6/CV-A10/CV-A16 genotypes were further subjected to gene sequencing, and 12 CV-A4-positive samples were detected. Sequence analysis displayed that all the CV-A4 strains detected in Jiaxing City belonged to subgenotype C2. The homologies of nucleotide sequences in viral capsid protein 1 (VP1) region were 90.7%-100.0%, and the homologies of amino acid sequences were 98.0%-100.0%. Compared with CV-A4 prototype strain High_Point (AY421762.1), 12 mutation sites of amino acid in VP1 region were identified in 12 CV-A4-positive samples. Conclusion The results showed that the prevalence of HFMD in Jiaxing City in 2022 was dominated by CV-A6, supplemented with CV-A16 and CV-A10. CV-A4 was also found to be the abundant strain among the untyped EV-positive samples. It is necessary to pay close attention to the molecular epidemiological characteristics of CV-A4.

Objective To understand the implementation of the Action Plan to Stop Tuberculosis (2019-2022) in Hunan Province, and to provide a reference basis for tuberculosis prevention and control in future. Methods Data and materials were obtained through routine monitoring, on-site investigations and special investigations, and the implementation effect of the Action Plan to Stop Tuberculosis (2019-2022) was analyzed. Results A total of 202,376 pulmonary tuberculosis cases were registered in Hunan Province from 2019 to 2022, with an annual decline rate of 8.07% in the number of patients. The reported incidence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis decreased from 82.07/100,000 in 2019 to 66.40/100,000 in 2022, with an average annual decline rate of 6.82%, showing a downward trend year by year (χ²_trend=1,131.00, P<0.01). The overall arrival rates of referral and tracking for pulmonary tuberculosis patients and suspected pulmonary tuberculosis patients in the whole province remained above 95%. The treatment success rates of registered active pulmonary tuberculosis patients remained above 90%. The total screening rates of close contacts of registered pathogen-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients remained above 95%. The reported incidence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis among students decreased from 20.03/100,000 in 2019 to 11.91/100,000 in 2022, with an annual decline rate of 15.91%, showing a decreasing trend year by year (χ²_trend=320.30, P<0.01). The number of staff in tuberculosis designated medical institutions and disease prevention and control institutions in the whole province in 2022 increased by 7.90% and 0.66% respectively compared with those in 2019. Conclusion The number of registered pulmonary tuberculosis patients and the reported incidence rates in Hunan Province in 2019-2022 had a certain degree of decline. The service capacity and work level of tuberculosis prevention and control in the whole province have been continuously improved. The main work indicators and tasks of the Action Plan to Stop Tuberculosis (2019-2022) have been fully completed, meeting the requirements of the action goals.

Objective To analyze the features of reports of notifiable infectious diseases in Xindu District of Chengdu City from 2019 to 2023, and to provide a scientific basis for targeted implementation of management of reports of notifiable infectious diseases. Methods Data about the reports of notifiable infectious diseases in Xindu District of Chengdu City during 2019-2023 were collected, and then analyzed descriptively. Q cluster analysis method was used to analyze the classification of reports of notifiable infectious diseases in different months and different medical institutions. Results A total of 77,339 report cards on notifiable infectious diseases were reported in Xindu District of Chengdu City during 2019-2023, among which respiratory, intestinal, blood-borne and sexually-transmitted, animal-borne and insect-borne infectious diseases accounted for 65.08%, 18.81%, 16.05% and 0.06% respectively. The months were clustered into 5 categories and the medical institutions into 6 categories based on comprehensive utilization of the reported numbers and reported characteristics of notifiable infectious diseases. There were two reported peaks each year, focusing on November-December and March. The main reporting agencies were medical institutions at the first-, second- and third-class. Conclusion The classified management mode of reports of notifiable infectious diseases is established based on the results of cluster analysis. It is necessary to strengthen information reporting management and guidance for key medical institutions in key periods so as to improve the quality of reports of notifiable infectious diseases.

Objective To analyze the epidemic features of human brucellosis in Yili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture (Yili Prefecture for short) from 2013 to 2022, and to provide a scientific basis for human brucellosis prevention and control in Yili Prefecture. Methods We collected and sorted out the data about reported cases of brucellosis in Yili Prefecture from 2013 to 2022 from the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Descriptive epidemiological methods were employed to analyze the time, region and population distribution of human brucellosis cases in Yili Prefecture. The concentration distribution method was applied to exploring the seasonal characteristics. ArcGIS10.3 software was utilized to describe the spatial distribution of the cases. χ² test was performed to compare the incidence rates among different groups. Results A total of 10,563 cases of human brucellosis were reported in Yili Prefecture from 2013 to 2022, with an average annual incidence rate of 38.00/100,000. The number of reported cases (n=1,807) and the incidence rate (67.37/100,000) in 2015 were both the highest. The peak incidence occurred in May and June, with an M value ranging from 0.301 to 0.649, and there was a certain seasonal difference in the incidence (M=0.481). The top three counties and cities in terms of the reported incidence rate were Qapqal Xibe Autonomous County (214.25/100,000), Huocheng County (107.66/100,000) and Horgos City (51.15/100,000). The average annual incidence rates in cities and counties were 12.93/100,000 and 49.40/100,000 respectively. The average annual incidence rate was higher in males than in females (57.33/100,000 vs. 17.98/100,000). The age distribution was mainly concentrated in 20-39 and 40-59 years old, and the incidence rates in different age groups were different (χ²=2,408.303, P<0.001). Conclusion The incidence rates of human brucellosis in Yili Prefecture during 2013-2022 showed a trend of first increasing, then decreasing, and then increasing again over time. The affected populations were mainly males, the young and middle-aged, and farmers and herdsmen, with certain seasonal and regional distribution characteristics. It is necessary to further strengthen joint prevention and control as well as health education and publicity, and enhance behavior interventions for key areas and key populations and personal protection during high-risk operations.

Objective To analyze the reported coverage rates of routine immunization vaccines in the National Immunization Program (NIP) for eligible children in Hunan Province from 2020 to 2022. Methods We collected vaccination information regarding 22 doses of NIP vaccines for eligible children through the China Immunization Program Information Management System, and then descriptively analyzed the reported vaccination rates. Results The total reported coverage rates of NIP vaccines for eligible children from 2020 to 2022 were 99.88%, 99.90% and 99.88% respectively. The reported vaccination rates for each dose of vaccine from 2020 to 2022 were 99.82%-99.92%, 99.85%-99.95% and 99.78%-99.92% respectively. The reported vaccination rates of doses of various vaccines in the eastern, southern, western, northern, and central areas of Hunan Province from 2020 to 2022 were 99.82%-99.91%, 99.85%-99.93% and 99.81%-99.92% respectively. The proportions of townships with the reported vaccination rates of different doses of NIP vaccines being ≥ 90% from 2020 to 2022 were 99.48%, 99.69% and 99.69% respectively. Conclusion The reported routine immunization coverage rates of NIP vaccines for eligible children in Hunan Province from 2020 to 2022 were all at a high level. But it is still necessary to strengthen the coverage rates of NIP vaccines for children in the western and northern areas of Hunan Province, promote the reporting completeness of the coverage rates in eastern Hunan Province and improve the proportion of townships with the coverage rates being ≥ 90%.

Objective To investigate the situation of occupational hazards in a project with an annual output of 3 million KVAh high capacity maintenance-free colloidal lead-acid battery from a lead-acid battery manufacturing enterprise in Taizhou City, to analyze the prevention and control effect of occupational hazards, and to provide a basis for further improving occupational health work in the lead-acid battery manufacturing enterprise. Methods The field investigation of occupational health, checklist analysis, detection of occupational hazard factors and other methods were employed to comprehensively analyze the present situation of occupational hazards in the production stages. Results The highest T-wave alternans (TWA) for lead dust and lead smoke detection in the enterprise were 0.017 mg/m³ and 0.024 mg/m³ respectively. The detection results of sulfuric acid, noise and high temperature met the requirements of the national standard for safe exposure limits. The key protection factors were lead smoke, lead dust, sulfuric acid and noise, and the key control points included posts related to powder production, paste preparation, film preparation, sheet casting, grinding, coating, assembly, cast welding, through-wall welding, shell loading, terminal welding, acid-mixing & water preparation and forming. Conclusion The lead-acid battery manufacturing project belongs to the construction project with serious occupational hazards, and the overall effect of control measures against occupational hazards is good. However, it is still necessary to constantly pay attention to the posts that produce lead smoke, lead dust, sulfuric acid and noise so as to improve the prevention and control level of occupational hazards in the enterprise.

Objective To investigate the prevalence and affecting factors of myopia among children and adolescents in a district of Chengdu City, and to provide a scientific basis for the development of targeted intervention measures. Methods According to the monitoring scheme, a stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select the monitored subjects from kindergartens to senior high schools (including general high schools and vocational high schools) in the district, and then examination of distant vision and diopter detection were performed. Meanwhile, a questionnaire survey was conducted among students from grades 4-6 to senior high schools in the above-mentioned schools. χ² test was employed to compare the prevalence rates of myopia, and binary logistic regression analysis was applied to exploring the factors influencing myopia. Results A total of 5,397 children and adolescents were surveyed from 2021 to 2022, and the detection rate of myopia was 59.35%. With the increase of learning stage, the detection rate of myopia showed an upward trend (P<0.05). The analysis of influencing factors displayed that females, daystudents, learning stage of senior high school and parental myopia were risk factors for the occurrence of myopia (P<0.05). Non-Han nationalities and adjusting height of desk and chair based on body height every two to three months were protective factors against myopia (P<0.05). Conclusion The prevalence rate of myopia among children and adolescents in this district was high. Prevention and control of myopia remains a long and arduous task.

Objective To study the anti-fatigue effect and mechanisms of Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) spore oil on mice. Methods Specified-pathogen-free grade male ICR mice were randomly divided into the control group, the low-dose group (0.20 g/kg·bw), the medium-dose group (0.40 g/kg·bw) and the high-dose group (0.60 g/kg·bw). After the mice were orally administered for 30 days, the weight-bearing swimming time, biochemical indicators, energy metabolism indicators and oxidative stress indicators were measured to evaluate the anti-fatigue effect of G. lucidum spore oil. The effect of G. lucidum spore oil on major metabolic organs, namely liver, kidneys and muscle tissue, were evaluated with hematoxylin-eosin staining. Results Compared with the control group, the weight-bearing swimming time in the medium-dose group was significantly extended and the level of malondialdehyde was significantly reduced (P<0.05). The activities of ATPase and superoxide dismutase in the high-dose group increased significantly, but the levels of blood lactic acid and urea nitrogen decreased significantly (P<0.05). The levels of blood glucose, liver glycogen and muscle glycogen and the activity of glutathione peroxidase in the medium-dose group and the high-dose group increased significantly, while the activities of lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase decreased significantly (P<0.05). The histological study showed that liver and kidney tissue in each dose group was normal, and the extent of pathological injury of muscle tissue was alleviated. Conclusion G. lucidum spore oil has a certain anti-fatigue effect, and its mechanism may be related to enhancing exercise endurance, and improving energy metabolism and antioxidant capacity of the body.

Objective To analyze the quality of blinded rechecking of sputum smears in the laboratories of designated medical institutions for tuberculosis in Hangzhou City so as to improve the quality of sputum smear examination and the control effect of tuberculosis. Methods According to the requirements of the Quality Assurance Manual for Sputum Smears in China’s Tuberculosis Control Program, and sputum smears were collected from the laboratories of tuberculosis-designated hospitals in Hangzhou City for blinded rechecking. Results A total of 12,858 sputum smears were sampled from designated hospitals in each districts, counties (cities) in Hangzhou during 2008-2023, and the sputum smears were blindedly rechecked. There were 1,573 (12.2%) positive smears and 11,285 (87.8%) negative smears detected, the average coincidence rate was 98.9%,and the total coincidence rate 98.9%. There were statistically significant differences in the negative coincidence rate, the total coincidence rate and the sputum smear quality observation indexes like sputum cells, sputum film size, smear thickness and staining in each year, showing upward trends (χ²_trend=7.139, χ²_trend=9.404, χ²_trend=180.387, χ²_trend=4.238, χ²_trend=144.489, χ²_trend=27.096, P<0.05). The differences in the negative smear coincidence rates and the total coincidence rates in each district (county and city) were statistically significant (χ²=18.767, χ²=17.647, P<0.05). Conclusion The quality of sputum smear examination in the laboratories at all levels in Hangzhou City was generally good. But it is still necessary to strengthen the interventricular quality control of sputum smear examination in the laboratories of designated medical institutions at all levels, give full play to the advantages of talents, and improve the ability in sputum detection so as to better provide technical support for the tuberculosis prevention and control system in Hangzhou City.

Objective To validate the performance and evaluate the clinical application of loop-mediated isothermal amplification-based point-of-care testing (POCT) equipment for detecting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and to comprehensively assess whether the POCT equipment meets the needs of rapid and immediate detection in clinical practice and ports. Methods Different concentrations of SARS-CoV-2-positive samples, samples of 55 kinds of other homologous pathogens and specimens from 199 clinical subjects were used as the test subjects. We verified the performance of loop-mediated isothermal amplification-based POCT equipment in terms of the minimum detection limit, cross-reaction, anti-interference research, precision and detection time, and then made a comparison between the detection results from loop-mediated isothermal amplification-based POCT equipment and fluorescent PCR assay. The sensitivity, specificity and detection rate of the positive samples were evaluated comprehensively. Results The minimum detection limit was 2.0×10³ copies/ml. There was no competitive interference with 55 kinds of other pathogens. As for the negative samples and medium concentration samples, the repeatabilities of in-lot and inter-lot detection were both 100.00%. As for samples of critical concentration, the repeatability of the POCT equipment among three batches was 99.68%. The repeatability of virus samples in different regions was 100.00%. Compared with the detection results from traditional fluorescent PCR, the sensitivity, specificity and total coincidence rate were 97.04%, 100.00% and 97.48% (P=0.063) respectively. The positive detection rate was 100.00% when the Ct value was < 35, and the positive detection rate was 89.58% when the value was 35≤Ct≤40. The results detected by non-professionals and professionally-trained personnel displayed that the positive coincidence rate, negative coincidence rate and total coincidence rate were 99.41%, 100.00% and 99.50% respectively, with the Kappa value being 0.981 and P<0.001. The average time for detecting the positive samples was 9.95 minutes. Conclusion The POCT equipment has the advantages of high sensitivity, strong specificity, short detection time, simple and rapid operation, and little restrictions on human use; moreover, it can meet the needs of real-time detection on many occasions in practical applications.

Objective In recent years, the incidence rate of hyperuricemia (HUA) in China has been increasing year by year, especially in China’s coastal areas and high-income people. The prevalence of this disease is close to the level of Western developed countries. HUA has become the fourth major manifestation of metabolic syndrome after hypertension, hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, and is involved in the occurrence and development of a variety of diseases like diabetes mellitus, kidney disease, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. There may be some correlations between the occurrence and development of HUA and serological indicators of related diseases. Therefore, this study reviews the relationships between serum biochemical indicators and HUA based on the results of clinical studies in recent years so as to provide a reference basis for clinical monitoring and prevention of HUA.