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15 January 2025, Volume 32 Issue 1
    

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    Special Report:Prevention and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases
  • DONG Xufeng, SONG Meng, GAO Xuefen, GAO LU, WANG Tong, LI Xiaoqing
    Practical Preventive Medicine. 2025, 32(1): 1-4. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-3110.2025.01.001
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Objective To establish the synthetical index of influenza in Shanxi Province, to predict the epidemic thresholds and intensity thresholds of influenza, and to evaluate the model applied to prediction. Methods The surveillance data about epidemic seasons of influenza from 2010/2011 to 2021/2022 were selected. Three indexes like the weekly percentage of influenza-like illness (ILI) cases, the positive rate of nucleic acid detection of influenza virus and the outbreaks of ILI cases were integrated into the form of synthetical index. The epidemic thresholds and intensity thresholds of influenza in Shanxi Province were assessed by the synthetical index combined with the moving epidemic method (MEM). The cross-validation method was applied to analyzing and evaluating the fitting effect of the model, and the evaluation indexes were sensitivity, specificity, Youden index, etc. Early warning analysis was performed for the 2022/2023 influenza epidemic season. Results The MEM model was established based on the synthetical index value. The cross-validation results revealed that the fitting effect of the data about the 2010/2011 influenza epidemic season was poor, so they were deleted. And the influenza early warning model was re-established by using the data about the 2011/2012-2021/2022 influenza epidemic season. The sensitivity, specificity and Youden index were 0.91, 0.93 and 0.86 respectively. The estimated pre-pandemic threshold, the moderate-intensity threshold, the high-intensity threshold and the extremely high-intensity threshold for the 2022/2023 influenza epidemic season were 0.87, 1.41, 3.13 and 4.46 respectively, with the sensitivity, specificity and Youden index being 0.92, 0.94 and 0.86 respectively. Conclusion The MEM model based on the synthetical index value has high sensitivity and specificity in formulating the epidemic thresholds of influenza in Shanxi Province, and can timely and accurately forecast the beginning and epidemic intensity of the influenza season.
  • PANG Xuewen, WANG Chunhua, LI Xiaorong
    Practical Preventive Medicine. 2025, 32(1): 5-8. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-3110.2025.01.002
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    Objective To explore the prevention and control measures against tuberculosis in communities through analyzing the family clusters of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) among patients with PTB in a district of Tianjin City. Methods The family clusters of PTB in PTB patients registered in a district of Tianjin City from 2009 to 2022 were retrospectively analyzed, and the results were described. Results A total of 55 families were involved in the family clusters of PTB in a district of Tianjin City during 2009-2022, with 2-4 cases in one family and 126 confirmed cases. 60.56% of the family close contacts were diagnosed in the previous two years after the diagnosis of the first case in the family, and 58.73% were housekeepers, house workers and the unemployed. 6.35% were active patients. Among patients with secondary PTB, the proportion of active patients was higher than that of passive patients, showing a statistically significant difference (P=0.04). 72.22% were newly treated patients, and the delay rates of clinic visiting and confirmed diagnosis were 38.89% and 43.65% respectively. Passive patients were more prone to clinic visiting delay. Compared with patients with negative results of pathogenic detection and tuberculous pleurisy, patients with positive results of pathogenic detection were less likely to have a delayed confirmed diagnosis. Conclusion Standardized management and follow-up in the course of treatment should be enhanced for patients with confirmed tuberculosis. Tuberculosis health education and active screening for PTB should be carried out regularly for family close contacts so as to timely detect potential active patients and reduce the occurrence of family clusters.
  • LIN Jie, LIANG Zhichao, XU Wanting, CAO Mingqin
    Practical Preventive Medicine. 2025, 32(1): 9-14. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-3110.2025.01.003
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    Objective To investigate the effects of prevention and control measures against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic on the incidence of common respiratory infectious diseases in Karamay City, and to provide a basis for government departments to take targeted intervention measures. Methods According to the periods before, during and after the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic, time series analysis method was used for conducting segmented analysis on the incidence data about four types of common respiratory infectious diseases, namely pulmonary tuberculosis, scarlet fever, influenza and mumps, in Karamay City from 2016 to 2023. Quantitative analysis was performed based on identifying the effects of taking and canceling prevention and control measures against the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic on the incidence of common respiratory infectious diseases in Karamay City. Results Using the data regarding the reported incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis, scarlet fever, influenza and mumps from 2016 to 2019, the Holt-Winter addition model, AR (9,0) model, ARIMA (0,0,3)×(1,1,0)12 model and simple seasonal model were established respectively. The numbers of reported cases of four types of infectious diseases in Karamay City from July to December 2019 were fitted with the optimal model, and the relative error of prediction fluctuated between -0.020 and 0.028. The optimal model was used to predict the incidence of the four types of common respiratory infectious diseases in 2020-2022. Compared with the predictive values from 2020 to 2022, the actual incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis decreased by 33.15%, 24.57% and 33.53% respectively, the actual incidence of scarlet fever by 92.65%, 97.42% and 91.69% respectively, the actual incidence of influenza by 87.41%, 96.67% and 32.18% respectively, and the actual incidence of mumps by 59.85%, 51.47% and 58.99% respectively. A simple seasonal model was established with the reported incidence data about the four types of infectious diseases from 2020 to 2022, and the numbers of reported incidence of the four types of infectious diseases in Karamay City from July to December 2022 were fitted with the optimal model. The relative error of prediction fluctuated between -0.292 and 0.081. The incidence of the four types of common respiratory infectious diseases from 2020 to 2022 was predicted with the optimal model. Compared with the predictive values in 2023, the actual incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis, scarlet fever, influenza and mumps increased by 59.38%, 926.67%, 666.67% and 3.33% respectively. Conclusion Prevention and control measures against the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic play a role in reducing the incidence level of respiratory infectious diseases in Karamay to varying degrees, but the persistence of reducing the incidence level is limited. It is suggested that investing prevention and control forces during the periods of high incidence of various respiratory infectious diseases should be targeted and focused according to the impacts of prevention and control measures against the epidemic on respiratory infectious diseases so as to improve the effects of epidemic prevention and control with half the effort.
  • TAN Wenqian, WAN Yanping, ZHANG Sulei, GONG Dehua, XU Zuhui, LIANG Jun
    Practical Preventive Medicine. 2025, 32(1): 15-19. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-3110.2025.01.004
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    Objective To analyze the epidemic features and spatial clustering of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in Hunan Province in 2023, and to provide a basis for scientifically formulating precise prevention and control strategies against PTB. Methods A retrospective study was conducted to collect the information about confirmed and clinically-diagnosed PTB patients in Hunan Province from January 1, 2023 to December 31, 2023 through the China Information System for Disease Prevention and Control. The time, region and population distribution of the PTB patients was analyzed, and ArcGIS software was used to perform spatial autocorrelation analysis on the spatial clustering of PTB epidemics. Results A total of 44,760 cases of PTB were reported in Hunan Province in 2023, and the reported incidence rate was 67.77/100,000, with males, the middle-aged and elderly and farmers as the main incidence groups. The results of global autocorrelation analysis displayed that the Moran’s I index of the reported incidence of PTB in Hunan Province was 0.337 (P<0.001), indicating the existence of spatial aggregation. The results of local autocorrelation analysis revealed that the high-high clustering areas were mainly concentrated in some counties and districts of Hengyang City, Loudi City, Shaoyang City and Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture located in the central-northwestern part of Hunan Province. Conclusion The PTB epidemic in Hunan Province in 2023 showed some spatial aggregations. It is necessary to take effective measures based on the high incidence and aggregation areas lying in the central and western part of Hunan Province like Loudi City and Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture as well as populations like farmers and the middle-aged and elderly so as to further control and reduce the PTB epidemic in Hunan Province.
  • Original Article
  • WANG Zhe, ZHU Yi, FENG Shuang, HE Zhaokai, SUN Zhou
    Practical Preventive Medicine. 2025, 32(1): 20-24. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-3110.2025.01.005
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    Objective To assess the effects of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) against the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic on the reported incidence of notifiable infectious diseases (NIDs) in Hangzhou City in 2020. Methods Data were obtained from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. Descriptive analysis methods were used to compare the number of reported cases of NIDs in Hangzhou City in the four periods taking different preventive and control measures with the average number of reported cases during the same periods in 2015-2019 as well as with the predicted number of reported cases in 2020 predicted by the Bayesian structural time series (BSTS) model. Results A total of 67,270 cases of NIDs were reported in 2020, which was 23.20% lower than that in the same periods in 2015-2019, and 92.04% lower than the predicted number. There were 29,165, 1,233, 3,104 and 33,768 cases of NIDs reported respectively in the four different periods, which increased by 112.74% and decreased by 80.65%, 63.94% and 42.67% respectively compared with the average levels during the same periods in 2015-2019, and decreased by 76.59%, 97.75%, 96.48% and 94.15% respectively compared with the numbers predicted by the BSTS model. In terms of different transmission routes, respiratory infectious diseases, enteric infectious diseases, infectious diseases transmitted through blood sources and sexually transmitted infectious diseases decreased by 5.24%, 42.97%, and 8.32% respectively compared with the levels in the same periods in 2015-2019, and decreased by 93.73%, 44.26%, and 8.56% respectively compared with the numbers predicted by the BSTS model. Influenza, other infectious diarrheas and syphilis decreased by 6.12%, 48.91% and 12.09% respectively compared with the same periods in 2015-2019, and decreased by 88.36%, 49.75% and 13.92% respectively compared with the numbers predicted by the BSTS model. Conclusion During the periods of implementation of NPIs, the reported numbers of all types of NIDs in Hangzhou City decreased significantly, especially respiratory infectious diseases and enteric infectious diseases like influenza and other infectious diarrheas. Infectious diseases spread via blood and sexual transmission like syphilis decreased significantly in the early period of the epidemic, and declined slightly in the later period.
  • WANG Yihan, LI Jing, SUN Li, WANG Yafei, WANG Jinghui
    Practical Preventive Medicine. 2025, 32(1): 25-32. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-3110.2025.01.006
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    Objective To analyze the incidence and characteristics of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) of the National and non-National Immunization Program vaccines in Hebei Province during 2020-2022, and to evaluate the safety of the vaccines so as to put forward opinions and suggestions for work in future. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the distribution characteristics of AEFI in Hebei Province from 2020 to 2022. Results A total of 36,390 cases of AEFI were reported in Hebei Province during 2020-2022, with the average annual reported incidence rate of 14.18 per 100,000 doses. The male-to-female ratio was 0.90∶1. The age was concentrated in the range of ≥18 years old, and the reporting time in the second and third quarters. 94.48% of the AEFI cases had recovered or improved, and 87.21% of the AEFI cases occurred within one day after vaccination. General reactions and abnormal reactions accounted for 91.59% and 3.21% of the AEFI cases respectively. The top three categories of vaccines with the highest reported incidence rates of AEFI were herpes zoster vaccine (HZV) (285.19/100,000 doses), diphtheria, tetanus and acellular pertussis combined vaccine (DTaP) (119.22/100,000 doses) and 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) (52.21/100,000 doses). Anaphylaxis was a category of reactions with the highest proportion in the clinical diagnosis of abnormal reactions, accounting for 50.09%, with the reported incidence rate of 0.23/100,000. Conclusion The National and non-National Immunization Program vaccines in Hebei Province during 2020-2022 showed good safety.
  • SHI Xinghua, YAO Hongwei, BAI Yin, LU Guo, YANG Fenggang
    Practical Preventive Medicine. 2025, 32(1): 33-38. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-3110.2025.01.007
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    Objective To explore the potential relationship between the dietary inflammatory index and risk of post-stroke depression (PSD), and to provide a basis for PSD prevention and management. Methods We collected the data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), United States (2011-2018). Dietary recall method was used to calculate the dietary inflammatory index of stroke patients, and the status of depression was assessed. Multi-factor logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the association between the dietary inflammatory index and PSD risk, and a restricted cubic spline model was employed to explore whether there was a dose-response relationship between both. Results A total of 1,054 stroke patients were enrolled in this study, and the incidence rate of PSD was 19.83%. The overall dietary inflammatory index was 1.21 (-0.42-2.61). The dietary inflammatory index levels were higher in the PSD group than in the control group, showing a statistically significant difference between the two groups (Z=-3.895, P<0.001). Multi-factor logistic regression analysis revealed that after adjusting for all covariates, the dietary inflammatory index remained a risk factor for PSD, and the risk of PSD in the Q4 group was significantly higher than that in the Q1 group (OR=2.198, 95%CI: 1.368-3.531, P=0.001). Results of the restricted cubic spline model displayed a nonlinear relationship between the dietary inflammatory index and PSD (nonlinear P=0.005). Conclusion Elevated dietary inflammatory index is associated with an increased risk of PSD. Maintaining a reasonable dietary inflammatory index is conducive to preventing the occurrence of PSD.
  • CHEN Yijia, WANG Chenchen, SUN Qiannan, XU Hao, SHI Jiahong, LI Houxuan, ZHOU Nan, HONG Xin
    Practical Preventive Medicine. 2025, 32(1): 39-44. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-3110.2025.01.008
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    Objective To explore the current status of oral health-related quality of life (OHRQOL) and its affecting factors among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Nanjing City, and to provide a basis for improving T2DM patients’ oral quality of life. Methods A multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 1,373 patients with T2DM in 2022, and their demographic and social characteristics, general health status, behavior, lifestyle and other information were investigated. These patients’ OHRQOL was evaluated using the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14). Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the factors influencing OHRQOL in patients with T2DM. Results This study enrolled a total of 1,373 patients with T2DM, with the mean age of (65.14±7.67) years, including 589 (42.90%) males and 784 (57.10%) females. The T2DM patients’ OHRQOL score was 2.00 (0.00-9.00). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the factors influencing the T2DM patients’ OHRQOL included age (OR=1.151), education level (OR=0.603), area (OR=1.443), glycosylated hemoglobin control status (OR=1.428), each brushing time ≥ 3 minutes (OR=1.609), periodontitis (OR=2.429), gum bleeding (OR=1.415), gum swelling (OR=1.843), loose teeth (OR=2.027), bad breath (OR=2.252), weak chewing (OR=1.531) and depression (OR=2.759). Conclusion The T2DM patients’ OHRQOL is affected by multiplefactors. Therefore, intervention measures should be actively developed and taken so as to improve the T2DM patients’ OHRQOL.
  • WANG He, ZHONG Yingyu, LI Xinru, SUN Shanshan, WANG Yueyun
    Practical Preventive Medicine. 2025, 32(1): 45-49. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-3110.2025.01.009
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    Objective To analyze and explore the current status of female depression and anxiety in early pregnancy and their correlations with personality traits in Shenzhen, and to provide a basis for implementing mental health intervention in early pregnancy. Methods A cross-sectional study design was adopted. During the first trimester (first 12 weeks) of pregnancy, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screener (GAD-7) and the Six-Dimensional Scale for Mood were used to assess the subjects’ depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms and personality traits. Multi-factor logistic regression was employed to analyze the factors influencing depression and anxiety in the first trimester and their correlations with personality traits. Results A total of 540 pregnant women were enrolled into this study, and the detection rates of depression and anxiety in early pregnancy were 48.33% and 21.48% respectively. Multi-factor logistic regression analysis displayed that subjects who were dissatisfied with family care were more likely to have depression during pregnancy than those who were basically satisfied with family care (OR=0.164, 95%CI: 0.040-0.682), and subjects who were basically satisfied and satisfied with family care had lower risk of anxiety (ORbasically satisfied=0.079, 95%CI: 0.020-0.308;ORsatisfied=0.237, 95%CI: 0.065-0.869) than those who were dissatisfied with family care. Subjects with higher scores in emotional adjustment (OR=0.807, 95%CI: 0.715-0.910; OR=0.720, 95%CI: 0.620-0.837) and self-perception (OR=0.805, 95%CI: 0.699-0.927; OR=0.682, 95%CI: 0.572-0.812) in personality traits had lower risk of depression and anxiety during early pregnancy than those with lower scores. Conclusion Theincidence rates of depression and anxiety are higher in early pregnancy women in Shenzhen, which are related to social support and personality traits. Health education in early pregnancy should be strengthened among the relevant group so as to prevent the occurrence of depression and anxiety.
  • CHEN Jianfeng, CHEN Zhilian, MA Xinqun, ZHANG Lan, CAI Tuo, YANG Xiuhong
    Practical Preventive Medicine. 2025, 32(1): 50-53. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-3110.2025.01.010
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    Objective To explore the teratogenic effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza (S. miltiorrhiza) leaf extract on Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats so as to provide toxicological data for its development and utilization. Methods Reproductively mature SPF-grade pregnant SD rats were randomly assigned to the groups of low-, medium- and high-dose S. miltiorrhiza leaf extract (1,875, 3,750 and 7,500 mg/kg·bw), a solvent control group (equal volume of distilled water) and a positive control group (cyclophosphamide). From the 6th to the 15th day post-conception, the subjects or controls were orally administered with the test substances once a day, while the positive control group received an intraperitoneal injection of 15 mg/kg·bw cyclophosphamide once on the 12th day post-conception. The rats were weighed at 0, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 and 20 days after conception, and the pregnant rats were sacrificed by anesthesia on the 20th day of pregnancy. The mother rats’ and fetal rats’ growth and development, pregnancy rate, reproductive ability and malformation indexes like appearance, viscera and bone were observed. Results The final body weight of pregnant rats in the positive control group was lower than that in the solvent control group ((402.1±21.5) g vs. (464.0±24.0) g, t=7.545, P=0.000). The body length of fetal rats in the positive control group was shorter than that in the solvent control group ((29.00±2.69) mm vs. (39.93±1.24) mm, t=33.441, P=0.000). The rates of appearance deformity, visceral deformity and skeletal deformity were all higher in the positive control group than in the solvent control group (77.78% vs. 0.00%, 41.12% vs. 0.00%, 100.00% vs. 1.59%), showing statistically significant differences (χ2=229.865, P=0.000; χ2=57.311, P=0.000; χ2=153.327, P=0.000). Compared with the solvent control group, no effects were observed on the toxicity and fertility of maternal and fetal rats in each dose group of S. miltiorrhiza leaf extract, and no appearance, viscera and bone deformities were found, showing no statistically significant differences in the above-mentioned indexes (P>0.05). Conclusion Under the conditions of this experiment, no embryotoxicity or teratogenicity of S. miltiorrhiza leaf extract is found in the SD rats, and no adverse effect dose more than 7,500 mg/kg·bw/d is observed in the rat teratogenicity test for S. miltiorrhiza leaf extract in both maternal and fetal rats.
  • XING Conghui, YANG Guangwei, XU Fang, BAI Hua, WANG Qi
    Practical Preventive Medicine. 2025, 32(1): 54-59. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-3110.2025.01.011
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    Objective To assess the acute oral and dermal toxicity of essential oil of Elsholtiza bodinieri (E. bodinieri) Vaniot so as to provide a basis for its safety application in food and medicine. Methods In the acute oral toxicity test, mice were randomly assigned to six groups, including a solvent control group and 5 groups with different doses of essential oil, with gavage doses of 464, 1,000, 2,150, 4,640 and 10,000 mg/kg respectively. In the acute percutaneous toxicity test, the essential oil was applied topically at a dose of 2,000 mg/kg. Throughout a 14-day observation period, toxicity symptoms, mortality rates and changes in the mice’s body weights, organ weights, food intakes, biochemical parameters and organ histopathology were recorded. Results The acute oral toxicity test showed that the median lethal dose (LD50) in female and male mice was 5,010 mg/kg, and the 95% confidence limits were 3,440-7,300 mg/kg. No statistically significant differences were found in body weights and food intakes compared with the solvent control group (P>0.05). The organ coefficients of lung and kidney in female mice of the 10,000 mg/kg dose group were higher than those in the solvent control group (P<0.05), and the organ coefficient of heart in male mice of the 2,150 mg/kg dose group and the organ coefficient of liver in male mice of the 10,000 mg/kg dose group were higher than those in the solvent control group (P<0.05). As for biochemical indices, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in male mice of the 2,150 mg/kg dose group was higher than that in the solvent control group (P<0.05), but no statistically significant differences were found in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and creatinine (CREA) (P>0.05). The pathological sections showed that there were erythrocyte filling in the hepatic sinuses and hepatic steatosis in male mice of the 10,000 mg/kg dose group, but no obvious pathological changes were observed in heart and kidney. Acute percutaneous toxicity test did not appear obvious toxicity. Toxicity grade for adverse events belonged to grade 5, and no irritation was found in skin irritation intensity test. Conclusion Results of the acute oral toxicity test suggest that the LD50 of E. bodinieri Vaniot essential oil is 5,010 mg/kg, belonging to actual non-toxicity, but essential oil at the dose of 10,000 mg/kg shows certain degree of damage to the liver of male mice. The acute percutaneous toxicity is low.
  • WANG Cheng, WANG Xiaohong
    Practical Preventive Medicine. 2025, 32(1): 60-63. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-3110.2025.01.012
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    Objective To analyze the epidemiological rule of lung cancer among residents registered with household residence in Jinhua City from 2015 to 2022, and to provide a basis for formulating targeted lung cancer prevention and control policies. Methods The data about the cases of lung cancer among residents registered with household residence in Jinhua City from 2015 to 2022 were collected from the Information Management System for Chronic Disease Surveillance in Zhejiang Province, and then applied to calculating the constituent ratio, incidence rate, standardized incidence rate, annual percentage change (APC), etc. The exponential distribution regression model of curve estimation was used to analyze the temporal trend in the incidence rate. The changing trend in the constituent ratio was analyzed by trend χ2 test. The differences in counting data groups were compared using χ2 test. The differences in groups of econometric data were compared using t test. A linear regression model was employed to analyze the changing trend in the average age of onset. Results Lung cancer was the malignant tumor with the highest incidence among residents registered with household residence in Jinhua City from 2015 to 2022, and its proportion showed an upward trend (χ2trend=170.144, P<0.001). The average onset age of lung cancer patients was (65.15±12.71) years old, and the average onset age of males in each year was older than that of females (P<0.001). The incidence of lung cancer tended to be younger (tmales=-6.393, tfemales=-7.096, ttotal=-12.806, P<0.05). The crude incidence rate of males, the crude incidence rate and the standardized incidence rate of females, and the crude incidence rate and the standardized incidence rate of the whole population showed significant upward trends (P<0.05). The incidence rate of lung cancer presented an increasing trend with age, reaching the peak in the group aged ≥80 years. The incidence rates of lung cancer in the groups aged 0-<30, 30-<40, 40-<50 and 50-<60 years demonstrated upward trends with increasing age, while the incidence rate of lung cancer in the group aged ≥80 years showed a downward trend (P<0.05). Conclusion Lung cancer is the malignant tumor with the highest incidence in Jinhua City. Moreover, the incidence rate is high and has an upward trend. The incidence tends to be younger, and the proportion of female patients increases. It is necessary to strengthen the anti-cancer publicity of young and middle-aged people while enhancing cancer screening for the elderly so as to improve the health awareness of the whole people.
  • LYU Qian, WANG Lesan
    Practical Preventive Medicine. 2025, 32(1): 64-67. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-3110.2025.01.013
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    Objective To analyze the incidence trend of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Xiangtan City from 2009 to 2022, and to explore the application effect of the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) seasonal product model in predicting HFMD so as to provide a scientific basis for formulating further prevention and control strategies and measures. Methods SPSS26.0 software was used to establish differential autoregressive moving average models. The most optimal model was selected to predict the incidence number of HFMD from January to October 2023, and then a fitting analysis was performed based on the predicted incidence and the number of actually-reported cases. Results A total of 83,005 cases of HFMD were reported cumulatively in Xiangtan City from 2009 to 2022. The incidence of HFMD had an obvious seasonal trend, with large fluctuations. The incidence peaked in April-July, but a small peak was observed in September-November. The incidence peak in 2020 extended to August-October. Modeling results showed that ARIMA (1,0,2) (0,1,1)12 was an optimal model, its’ steady R2 was 0.880, Bayesian information criterion was 12.14, and no statistically significant difference was found in the residuals tested by the Ljung-Box. The results indicated that the residuals were white noise, and the simulation results were good. Conclusion The incidence of HFMD has obvious seasonal distribution characteristics. It is of great significance for declining the incidence rate of HFMD and protecting children’s health through strengthening the prevention and control measures in schools, kindergartens and other places where children gather during the epidemic season.
  • Laboratory Research and Hygienic Examination
  • YAO Jianhua, HU Mingyou, SHAO Guojian, XIA You
    Practical Preventive Medicine. 2025, 32(1): 109-112. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-3110.2025.01.024
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    Objective A method based on dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was developed for rapid determination of 7 kinds of volatile iodinated disinfection by-products. Methods The optimized sample pretreatment procedures were as follows: the water sample was added anhydrous sodium sulfate and then quickly injected with the mixed dichloromethane and methanol solution. After vortex and centrifugation, the dichloromethane deposition phase was directly injected into the GC-MS and separated by Agilent DB-5MS capillary gas chromatographic column. The selective ion monitoring mode was used to detect 7 kinds of iodinated disinfection by-products. Results Seven kinds of volatile iodinated disinfection by-products were extracted from drinking water using dichloromethane as extractant and methanol as dispersant. The enrichment factor was 69-129, 7 kinds of volatile iodinated disinfection by-products were separated well on DB-5MS capillary gas chromatographic columns. The linear ranges of each analyte were 0.3-50 μg/L, and the correlation coefficients were all greater than 0.996. The limits of detection were 0.16-1.42 μg/L, the limits of quantification were 0.48-4.26 μg/L, and the average recoveries were 75.2%-119%, with the relative standard deviations being 4.1%-10.5%. Conclusion Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction is adopted in the established method, and the extraction efficiency of water samples is improved. The method is high-efficient, simple, sensitive and accurate, and can be used for rapid detection of 7 kinds of volatile iodinated disinfection by-products in drinking water.
  • YANG Rong, LI Guowei, LI Xiaojing, ZENG Tao, LIU Miao, GAN Pingsheng, PAN Xinhong
    Practical Preventive Medicine. 2025, 32(1): 113-118. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-3110.2025.01.025
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    Objective A simultaneous analytical method based on gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with solid phase extraction was developed for the detection of 22 kinds of semi-volatile organic compounds in drinking water. Methods A bottle of 1-L water sample was enriched by polymethacrylate-styrene solid phase column, eluted with 8 ml mixed liquid of ethyl acetate and dichloromethane (1∶1) as well as 2 ml methanol, and then concentrated to 1 ml. The concentrates were separated by DB-35MS capillary column, and analyzed by triple quadrupole mass spectrometry under multiple reaction monitoring model. The internal standard method was used for quantification. Results Under optimized solid phase extraction conditions, the calibration curves showed good linearities for 22 kinds of semi-volatile organic compounds in the range of 0.005-3.0 μg/ml, with correlation coefficients not less than 0.991. The limits of detection were in the range of 0.011-0.20 μg/L. The average recoveries were 75.4%-118.5% when the spiked concentrations were in the range of 0.015-1.75 μg/L, and the relative standard deviations were 1.1%-4.9%. Conclusion The established method is accurate, fast and sensitive, and suitable for the simultaneous determination of various trace semi-volatile organic compounds in drinking water.
  • Review
  • CHEN Tian, ZHANG Min, XU Xu
    Practical Preventive Medicine. 2025, 32(1): 126-129. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-3110.2025.01.027
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    Lymphoma is a kind of tumor originating from lymphoid tissues and belongs to chronic wasting disease. Malnutrition is common among the patients, causing negative effects on the treatment and prognosis. In recent years, the incidence rate and mortality of malignant lymphoma show an obvious increasing trend. Reasonable and standardized nutritional support plays a positive role in improving the therapeutic effect and quality of life of patients with malignant lymphoma. At present, there are many reports on nutrition and development of malignant lymphoma, but there is no systematic report on the relationship between both. We summarize and review the nutritional status of patients with malignant lymphoma, the relationship between nutrition and development of malignant lymphoma, and nutritional support methods so as to provide references for selecting appropriate nutritional support plan for malignant lymphoma patients in future.