ZHAO Shatong, HUANG Zhi, PENG Xiaoyan
Objective To understand the dietary patterns and their affecting factors among residents from the Dong ethnic group in Wuling Mountain area, Huaihua City, and to provide references and a basis for carrying out targeted nutritional education and interventions. Methods Through a multi-stage stratified sampling, 311 ethnic Dong residents aged 12-60 years in Tongdao Dong Autonomous County, Huaihua City in July-August 2022 were selected as the surveyed subjects. A food frequency questionnaire was used to obtain the frequency and average daily intake of various foods consumed by theethnic Dong residents over the past year. Factor analysis was employed to establish dietary patterns, and multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to identify demographic factors influencing the ethnic Dong residents’ dietary patterns. Results The ethnic Dong residents in Huaihua City showed excessive intake of livestock and poultry meat, and cereals, with the excess intake rates of 66.45% and 72.64% respectively. Conversely, there were insufficient intakes of milk and dairy products, fish, shrimp and shellfish, tubers, fruits, vegetables and eggs, with the deficiency rates being 97.39%, 90.88%, 89.90%, 82.08%, 78.83% and 70.03% respectively. Factor analysis revealed four dietary patterns: Dong-specific pattern, daily balanced pattern, side dish pattern, and traditional main and side dish pattern, with the cumulative variance contribution rate of 53.4%. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that gender and age were related to the Dong-specific pattern (β=-0.939, P<0.01; β=-0.035, P<0.05), household income was correlated with the daily balanced pattern (β=-0.538, P<0.01), age and household income were associated with the side dish pattern (β=-0.046, P<0.05; β=-0.526, P<0.05), and gender and household income were related to the traditional main and side dish pattern (β=1.478, P<0.01; β=0.839, P<0.01). Conclusion There are unreasonable phenomena in all four dietary patterns of the ethnic Dong residents in Huaihua City. The Dong-specific pattern may be the risk factor for primary hypertension. Gender, age and household income are important factors influencing the four dietary patterns.
