2012-2013年沈阳市农村老人自立生活能力及影响因素

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-3110.2017.04.006

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摘要目的测评沈阳市农村老人自立生活能力并探讨其影响因素,为提高农村老人生命质量提供科学依据。方法 2012-2013年采用整群抽样抽取沈阳市某自然村538名无认知功能障碍的65岁及以上老人,调查其自立生活能力。采用单因素卡方分析及多因素logistic回归分析其影响因素。结果沈阳市65岁及以上农村老人的自立率为41.64%。单因素卡方分析结果表明,人口统计学信息(年龄、婚姻、经济来源)、健康状况(慢性病罹患、视力、听力、睡眠质量、咀嚼能力)、个体行为(吸烟、散步、饮食规律)、社会心理因素(担心跌倒、抑郁、娱乐活动参与、经常看电视、子女孝顺)均对自立生活能力有影响,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。logistic回归分析结果表明,农村老人自立生活能力最具有显著相关性的影响因素为咀嚼能力(好vs.差:OR=8.93,95%CI:2.52~31.61,P=0.00;中vs.差:OR=3.47,95%CI:1.10~10.97,P=0.03)、慢性病罹患(无vs.有:OR=4.26,95%CI:2.43~7.46,P=0.03)、经济来源(退休金/打工vs.子女供给:OR=4.18,95%CI:1.17~14.23,P=0.00;务农vs.子女供给:OR=4.12,95%CI:0.28~4.47,P=0.00)、抑郁(否vs.是:OR=3.64,95%CI:1.65~4.96,P=0.00)、视力(好vs.不好:OR=3.18,95%CI:1.67~6.08,P=0.00)、娱乐活动参与(是vs.否:OR=2.86,95%CI:1.65~4.96,P=0.00)。咀嚼能力好、无慢性病、有退休金、无抑郁、视力好、参与娱乐活动的老人自立能力强。结论 2012-2013年沈阳市农村老人自立生活能力较低,改善咀嚼能力,预防慢性病及获得稳定的经济来源可以有效提高农村老人的自立生活能力。

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关键词 ：农村, 老人, 自立生活能力, 影响因素, 横断面调查

Abstract：Objective To evaluate the independent living ability and to identify its influencing factors among the rural elderly in Shenyang City so as to provide scientific evidence for improving their quality of life. Methods A cluster sampling method was used to select 538 rural residents aged 65 years and above and without cognitive defects in a natural village in Shenyang City from 2012 to 2013, and their independent living abilities were investigated. The univariate analysis by chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to clarify the influencing factors. Results The prevalence of independent living ability among the rural elderly in Shenyang City was 41.64%. The univariate analysis by chi-square test showed that their demographic characteristics (age, marital status and income source), health status (suffering from chronic diseases, visual ability, hearing ability, quality of sleep and chewing ability), individual behavior (smoking, walking and regular diet) and social-psychological factors (worrying about falling, depression, entertainment participation, often watching TV and filial piety) had effects on their independent living ability. Logistic regression analysis showed that the factors which had the strongest correlation with the independent living ability of the rural elderly were chewing ability (well vs. poor: OR=8.93, 95%CI: 2.52-31.61, P=0.00; moderate vs. poor: OR=3.47, 95%CI: 1.10-10.97, P=0.03), suffering from chronic disease (no vs. yes: OR=4.26, 95%CI: 2.43-7.46, P=0.03), income source (pension/wage vs. offspring supply: OR=4.18, 95%CI: 1.17-14.23, P=0.00; farming vs. offspring supply: OR=4.12, 95%CI: 0.28-4.47, P=0.00), depression (no vs. yes: OR=3.64, 95%CI: 1.65-4.96, P=0.00), visual ability (well vs. poor: OR=3.18, 95%CI: 1.67-6.08, P=0.00), entertainment participation (yes vs. no: OR=2.86, 95%CI:1.65-
基金项目:国家自然科学基金(81102193)4.96, P=0.00). The elderly with good chewing ability, without chronic diseases, with pension, without depression, with good eyesight and with entertainment participation had higher independent living ability. Conclusions The independent living ability of the rural elderly in Shenyang City during 2012-2013 is poor. Improving chewing ability, preventing chronic diseases and obtaining stable economic sources can effectively improve the independent living ability of the rural elderly in Shenyang City.

Key words： rural area the elderly independent living ability influencing factor cross-sectional study

收稿日期: 2016-10-31

R161.7

基金资助:国家自然科学基金(81102193)

通讯作者: 孙炜(1975-),女,博士,教授,硕士生导师,主要从事老年健康促进工作,E-mail:wsun@cmu.edu.cn。

作者简介: 张天娇(1992-),女,辽宁铁岭人,硕士在读,研究方向:老年人健康促进。

引用本文:

张天娇,王博闻,吴义姣,韩金松,孙炜. 2012-2013年沈阳市农村老人自立生活能力及影响因素[J]. 实用预防医学, 2017, 24(4): 400-403. ZHANG Tian-jiao, WANG Bo-wen, WU Yi-jiao, HAN Jin-song, SUN Wei. Independent living ability and its influencing factors among the rural elderly in Shenyang City, 2012-2013. , 2017, 24(4): 400-403.

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https://www.syyfyx.com/CN/10.3969/j.issn.1006-3110.2017.04.006 或 https://www.syyfyx.com/CN/Y2017/V24/I4/400

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