Levels of cadmium exposure via drinking water, food and air in residents living in environmental cadmium-contaminated areas in Guangxi
LIANG Lin-han, ZHONG Ge-mei, HUANG Lin, XU Lu-xi, HUANG Jiang-ping, JIANG Hui, CHEN Kang-cheng, LI Yong, LI Lin, WEI Ri-rong
Institute of Environmental Health and Endemic Disease Control, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Centerfor Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, Guangxi 530028, China
Abstract:Objective To investigate the status of cadmium pollution in drinking water, edible agricultural products and air in the cadmium-contaminated areas of Guangxi, and to assess the levels of cadmium exposure via drinking water, food and air in the residents. Methods Drinking water, food and air samples were collected in both contaminated and control areas in Guangxi in 2014-2015. The concentration of heavy metal cadmium was detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and the point estimate model was used to calculate the cadmium exposure levels in residents and evaluate the exposure risk. Results The medians of cadmium content in drinking water in the contaminated and control areas were 0.000,25 mg/L and 0.000,05 mg/L respectively, with the qualified rates being both 100%. The cadmium content in drinking water were higher in the contaminated areas than in the control areas, with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). So were the medians of cadmium contents in air (12.4 ng/m3vs. 2.69 ng/m3), rice (0.389 mg/kg vs. 0.119 mg/kg), dried beans (0.216 mg/kg vs. 0.161mg/kg) and vegetables(0.052 mg/kg vs. 0.025 mg/kg). The daily per capita cadmium exposure through environmental media (including drinking water, food and air) in participants from the contaminated and control areas were 117.46 μg and 39.55 μg respectively, of which the cadmium intakes from food were 116.77 μg and 39.41 μg respectively, accounting for 99% of the total. The monthly dietary cadmium intakes in the contaminated and control areas were 61.78 μg/(kg·BW) and 20.85 μg/(kg·BW) respectively, being 2.47 times and 0.83 times of provisional tolerated monthly intake (PTMI) of cadmium. Conclusion Dietary cadmium exposure in cadmium-contaminated areas in Guangxi is a potential health risk
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