Abstract：Objective To analyze the dietary intake of sodium and potassium and its relationship with blood pressure among urban and rural residents in Nanjing. Methods Multistage cluster random sampling method was used to select 2,272 residents aged 18 years and above from 1,062 households (urban 762 and rural 300) in 6 urban districts in Nanjing. The dietary sodium and potassium intake was worked out by 3 consecutive days of 24 h dietary recollection combined with spice weighing methods. Height, weight and blood pressure were measured. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the odds of hypertension and its components across sodium-potassium ratio quartiles. Results The median values (the 25th-75th percentile) of the sodium and potassium standard intake were 4,543.6 (3,226.7-6,362.7) mg/day and 1,585.4 (1,276.3-2,025.8) mg/day respectively. The actual daily sodium and potassium intake was 3,945.6 (2,833.9-5,614.1) mg/day and 1,366.6 (1,119.2-1,729.1) mg/day respectively. 95.4% of the residents had dietary sodium intake exceeding the recommended adequate intake (AI), while 85.3% consumed dietary potassium below the recommended AI. The main resource of sodium was from table salt (69.9%), and then followed by soybean sauce (9.5%). The main resources of potassium were from cereals (21.7%), vegetables (32.1%) and meat (14.3%). The median ratio of sodium to potassium was 2.9, which was positively correlated with systolic blood pressure (rs=0.049, P=0.028) and diastolic blood pressure (rs=0.045, P=0.043). After adjusting baseline variables, total energy and body mass index, the third quartile of the sodium-potassium ratio (3.0~4.3) was the risk factor for hypertension (OR=1.409, 95%CI=1.058-1.875, P=0.019). Conclusions The dietary intake of sodium and potassium in the residents in Nanjing is seriously imbalanced, which belongs to a diet pattern of excess sodium and insufficient potassium. The high dietary sodium-potassium ratio is the risk factor for hypertension; and hence, it is necessary to intensify health education to promote low sodium and high potassium diet.
李小成, 郭宝福, 金迪, 姜云, 王艳莉, 祝白春, 谢国祥. 南京市18岁及以上人群膳食钠与钾摄入状况及其与血压的相关性分析[J]. 实用预防医学, 2016, 23(11): 1283-1286.
LI Xiao-cheng, GUO Bao-fu, JIN Di, JIANG Yun, WANG Yan-li, ZHU Bai-chun, XIE Guo-xiang. Dietary intake of sodium and potassium and its correlation with blood pressure among residents aged 18 years and above in Nanjing. , 2016, 23(11): 1283-1286.
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2016, Vol. 23 
