Abstract：Objective To perform a meta-analysis of the effects of passive smoking on risk of hypertension among non-smoking adults. Methods PubMed, Web of science, Embase, Wanfang database, CNKI and VIP database were systematically searched for observational studies on the association between passive smoking and risk of hypertension among non-smoking adults. Retrieval time for literatures was from the establishment of each database to October 2021. Stata 12.0 software was used to calculate combined odds ratio (OR) and the 95% confidence interval (CI). Dose-response analysis was conducted to quantify the correlation between duration of passive smoking exposure and risk of hypertension. Results A total of 10 studies were included in this meta-analysis, involving 5,016,557 participants. The combined analysis results showed that passive smoking could increase risk of hypertension among non-smoking adults (OR=1.21, 95%CI:1.08-1.35). Dose-response analysis revealed that an increase of 1 h/d passive smoking exposure was associated with an increase in risk of hypertension (OR=1.09, 95%CI:1.01-1.18). Conclusion Passive smoking is a significant risk factor of hypertension among non-smoking adults.
[1] Oberg M, Jaakkola MS, Woodward A, et al. Worldwide burden of disease from exposure to second-hand smoke: a retrospective analysis of data from 192 countries[J]. Lancet, 2011,377(9760):139-146. [2] 徐慧. 2 241例孕妇孕期被动吸烟情况调查及对妊娠结局的影响[J]. 实用预防医学, 2020,27(3):340-342. [3] Yao T, Sung HY, Mao Z, et al. The healthcare costs of secondhand smoke exposure in rural China[J]. Tob Control, 2015,24(e3):e221-e226. [4] Guo F, He D, Zhang W, et al. Trends in prevalence, awareness, management, and control of hypertension among United States adults, 1999 to 2010[J]. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2012,60(7):599-606. [5] 尹章汉, 陈自然, 邹耐容. 环状RNA在H型高血压患者中的表达及与血压水平的相关性研究[J]. 实用预防医学, 2020,27(6):740-742. [6] 刘红艳, 彭辉, 刘奥博, 等. 中国人原发性高血压危险因素meta分析[J]. 中国心血管杂志, 2009,14(3):205-209. [7] Stang A. Critical evaluation of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for the assessment of the quality of nonrandomized studies in meta-analyses[J]. Eur J Epidemiol, 2010,25(9):603-605. [8] Herzog R, álvarez-Pasquin MJ, Díaz C, et al. Are healthcare workers' intentions to vaccinate related to their knowledge, beliefs and attitudes? A systematic review[J]. BMC Public Health, 2013,13:154. [9] Greenland S, Longnecker MP. Methods for trend estimation from summarized dose-response data, with applications to meta-analysis[J]. Am J Epidemiol, 1992,135(11):1301-1309. [10] Orsini N, Li R, Wolk A, et al. Meta-analysis for linear and nonlinear dose-response relations: examples, an evaluation of approximations, and software[J]. Am J Epidemiol, 2012,175(1):66-73. [11] Alshaarawy O,Xiao J,Shankar A. Association of serum cotinine levels and hypertension in never smokers[J]. Hypertension, 2013,61(2):304-308. [12] 李淑娟, 蔡乐, 舒占坤, 等. 云南省罗平县高血压的经济负担与烟草暴露的关系研究[J]. 中华预防医学杂志, 2013,47(10):958-962. [13] Li N, Li Z, Chen S, et al. Effects of passive smoking on hypertension in rural Chinese nonsmoking women[J]. J Hypertens, 2015,33(11):2210-2214. [14] Wu L, Yang S, He Y, et al. Association between passive smoking and hypertension in Chinese non-smoking elderly women[J]. Hypertens Res, 2017,40(4):399-404. [15] Yang Y, Liu F, Wang L, et al. Association of husband smoking with wife's hypertension status in over 5 million Chinese females aged 20 to 49 years[J]. J Am Heart Assoc, 2017,6(3):e004924. [16] Park YS, Lee C, Kim Y, et al. Association between secondhand smoke exposure and hypertension in never smokers: a cross-sectional survey using data from Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey V, 2010-2012[J]. BMJ Open, 2018,(5):e021217. [17] Tamura T, Kadomatsu Y, Tsukamoto M, et al. Association of exposure level to passive smoking with hypertension among lifetime nonsmokers in Japan: a cross-sectional study[J]. Medicine(Baltimore), 2018,97(48):e13241. [18] Kim BJ, Kang JG, Kim JH, et al. Association between secondhand smoke exposure and hypertension in 106,268 Korean self-reported never-smokers verified by cotinine[J]. J Clin Med, 2019,8(8):1238. [19] Akpa OM, Okekunle AP, Asowata JO, et al. Passive smoking exposure and the risk of hypertension among non-smoking adults: the 2015-2016 NHANES data[J]. Clin Hypertens, 2021,27(1):1. [20] Wang K, Wang Y, Zhao R, et al. Relationship between childhood secondhand smoke exposure and the occurrence of hyperlipidaemia and coronary heart disease among Chinese non-smoking women: a cross-sectional study[J]. BMJ Open, 2021,11(7):e48590. [21] 关玉群, 宋宏. 环境烟草烟雾的健康危害及其暴露的评价[J]. 现代预防医学, 2006,33(12):2332-2333. [22] Okekunle AP,Asowata JO,Lee JE,et al. Association of environmental tobacco smoke exposure with depression among non-smoking adults[J]. BMC Public Health, 2021,21(1):1755. [23] Leone A,Giannini D,Bellotto C,et al. Passive smoking and coronary heart disease[J]. Curr Vasc Pharmacol, 2004,2(2):175-182. [24] Skipina TM,Soliman EZ,Upadhya B. Association between secondhand smoke exposure and hypertension: nearly as large as smoking[J]. J Hypertens, 2020,38(10):1899-1908. [25] Ijzerman RG, Serne EH, van Weissenbruch MM, et al. Cigarette smoking is associated with an acute impairment of microvascular function in humans[J]. Clin Sci(Lond), 2003,104(3):247-252. [26] Zhu BQ, Parmley WW. Hemodynamic and vascular effects of active and passive smoking[J]. Am Heart J, 1995,130(6):1270-1275. [27] Zhang J, Liu Y, Shi J, et al. Side-stream cigarette smoke induces dose-response in systemic inflammatory cytokine production and oxidative stress[J]. Exp Biol Med(Maywood), 2002,227(9):823-829. [28] Bolego C, Poli A, Paoletti R. Smoking and gender[J]. Cardiovasc Res, 2002,53(3):568-576. [29] 张琦, 李潇, 孙威风, 等. 甘肃省成人血脂异常患病率及其危险因素调查[J]. 解放军医学杂志, 2018,43(10):882-889. [30] Xu Y, Wang L, He J, et al. Prevalence and control of diabetes in Chinese adults[J]. JAMA, 2013,310(9):948-959.
2022, Vol. 29 
