Abstract: Objective Our study was conducted to investigate the epidemic situation of food poisoning in mainland China, and provide scientific basis for formulating strategies for its control and prevention. Methods Descriptive epidemiology was used to analyze the general situation,seasonal and monthly distribution,pathogenic factors and locations of the food poisoning in mainland China from 2006 to 2015 released by the National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China. Results The general incidence of food poisoning showed a decline tendency from 2006 to 2015. Most cases occurred in August and September. The majority of food poisoning was microbial. Toxic plants, animals and mushroom poisoning were the most common reasons for food poisoning deaths. The percentage of food poisoning reports and deaths related to toxic plants, animals and poisonous mushroom showed a growing tendency year by year. Food poisoning from eating home-made food had the largest number of reports and deaths, while food poisoning occuring in collective canteens had the largest number of patients. The percentage of food poisoning reports occurring at home showed a growing tendency year by year, while that in collective canteens showed a decreasing tendency. Conclusions The number of reports, patients and deaths due to food poisoning in mainland China in 2006-2015 showed a decreasing tendency, but food poisoning due to toxic plants, animals and poisonous mushroom should be paid great attention.