Abstract：Objective To investigate the epidemic of major human parasitic diseases in Hunan Province so as to provide a scientific basis for developing prevention and control strategies. Methods This survey was carried out according to the Methods of National Survey Scheme on Major Human Parasitic Diseases. Soil-transmitted helminth infections (including ascariasis, trichuriasis, hookworm and enterobiasis),taeniasis, clonorchiasis and intestinal protozoiasis were investigated in 148 surveyed sites from 48 counties (cities or districts) of 12 prefectures in Hunan Province. A total of 37,640 people were investigated, with 250 in each site. Fecal specimens were collected. Modified Kato-Katz thick smear method was used for examining intestinal helminths, test tube filter paper culture method for identifying the species of hookworm, iodine liquid smear method and normal saline smear method for examining trophozoites or cysts of intestinal protozoa, and cellophane tape method for determining eggs of Enterobius vermicularis and tapeworm. Results The overall infestation rate of intestinal parasites in Hunan Province was 4.57%. 13 kinds of intestinal parasites were found, including nematodes (4 species), trematodes (4 species), cestode (1 species) and protozoa (4 species). The infestation rates of Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm, Trichuris trichiura, Enterobius vermicularis, Clonorchis sinensis and Blastocystis hominis were 1.32%, 2.18%, 0.13%, 0.07%, 0.01% and 1.50% respectively. Soil-borne nematode infections accounted for 80.35% of the intestinal parasite infections. Among all the 12 cities or prefectures, the infestation rates of overall intestinal parasites (26.53%), hookworm (9.55%) and Blastocystis hominis (17.38%) in Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture were the highest. The infestation rates of Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and Enterobius vermicularis were the highest in Yueyang City (4.49%), Zhuzhou City (0.55%) and Yongzhou City (0.28%). The infestation rates of overall intestinal parasites, Ascaris lumbricoides and hookworm were statistically higher in the females than in the males (5.14% vs. 3.98%,1.55% vs. 1.08%, 2.57% vs. 1.79%; P<0.05). The infestation rates of overall intestinal parasites, Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm, Blastocystis hominis and Enterobius vermicularis were significantly different among various age groups (P<0.05), with the highest former 4 infestation rates in the age group of 60- years (6.94%, 1.68%, 3.84% and 2.24%) and the highest infestation rate of Enterobius vermicularis in the age group of 0- year (0.46%). Statistical differences in the infestation rates of overall intestinal parasites, Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm, Trichuris trichiura and Enterobius vermicularis were found among different occupations (P<0.05), with the highest former 4 infestation rates in the farmer group (5.79%, 1.63%, 3.01% and 0.15%) and the highest infestation rate of Enterobius vermicularis in the preschoolers (0.64%). There were statistically significant differences in the infestation rates of overall intestinal parasites, hookworm, Enterobius vermicularis, Blastocystis hominis and Ascaris lumbricoides (P<0.05) among different educational background groups, with the highest former 4 infestation rates in the illiteracy group (7.28%, 3.78%, 0.28% and 2.90%) and the highest infestation rate of Ascaris lumbricoides in the group with elementary education (1.86%). There also existed statistical differences in the infestation rates of overall intestinal parasites, hookworm and Blastocystis hominis among different ethnic groups (P<0.05), with the highest infestation rates(32.02%, 14.21% and 19.81%) in Tujia minority among all the minorities. Conclusions The infestation rates of major human parasites in Hunan Province in 2015 show an obviously decreasing tendency compared with the Results of the past two national surveys on major human parasitic diseases and one survey on soil-transmitted parasites in Hunan Province. There are obvious gender, age, occupation, educational and ethnic differences in the distribution of the infected people. Soil-borne nematode infections account for a major portion of the intestinal parasite infections. In the future, controlling practices is obliged to focus on reducing the infestation rates of soil-borne nematodes among the pupils, preschoolers and elderly farmers with lower educational level in rural areas, especially in the backward minority areas.
何卓, 唐阳, 李正祥, 庄世锋, 王郭清. 2015年湖南省人体重点寄生虫病流行现状调查[J]. 实用预防医学, 2017, 24(3): 291-296.
HE Zhuo, TANG Yang, LI Zheng-xiang, ZHUANG Shi-feng, WANG Guo-qing. Prevalence of major human parasitic diseases in Hunan Province, 2015. , 2017, 24(3): 291-296.
2017, Vol. 24 
