Abstract：The number of patients with type 2 diabetes in the world has increased rapidly. Unhealthy diet and physical inactivity are the major risk factors. This article describes evidence on the association between intervention on diet, physical activity and risk of type 2 diabetes and concludes that providing health information and fiscal measures that promote healthy diet and physical activity in the whole population and implementing intensive lifestyle intervention on prediabetes may take priority.
[1] Leon BM, Maddox TM. Diabetes and cardiovascular disease: Epidemiology, biological mechanisms, treatment recommendations and future research[J]. World J Diabetes, 2015, 6(13):1246-1258. [2] 全国糖尿病研究协作组调查研究组. 全国14省市30万人口中糖尿病调查报告[J]. 中华内科杂志, 1981, 20(6):678-683. [3] Yang W, Lu J, Weng J, et al. Prevalence of diabetes among men and women in China[J]. N Engl J Med, 2010, 362(12):1090-1101. [4] International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas[M]. 6th ed. Brussels, Belgium:International Diabetes Federation, 2013:80-85. [5] Wang W, McGreevey WP, Fu C, et al. Type 2 diabetes mellitus in China:a preventable economic burden[J]. Am J Manag Care, 2009, 15(9):593-601. [6] Johnson M, Jones R, Freeman C, et al. Can diabetes prevention programs be translated effectively into real-world settings and still deliver improved outcomes A synthesis of evidence[J]. Diabet Med, 2013, 30(1):3-15. [7] 丁以标,刘红,王文萍,等.2型糖尿病患者社区营养干预效果评价[J].实用预防医学,2016,23(4):423-426. [8] Frayling TM. Genome-wide association studies provide new insights into type 2 diabetes aetiology[J]. Nat Rev Genet, 2007, 8(9):657-662. [9] Sun X, Yu W, Hu C. Genetics of type 2 diabetes:insights into the pathogenesis and its clinical application[J]. Biomed Res Int, 2014, 2014:926713. [10] Vassy JL, Meigs JB. Is genetic testing useful to predict type 2 diabetes[J]. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2012, 26(2):189-201. [11] Qian Y, Lu F, Dong M, et al. Cumulative effect and predictive value of genetic variants associated with type 2 diabetes in Han Chinese:a case-control study[J]. PLoS One, 2015, 10(1):e0116537. [12] Hu FB. Resolved:there is sufficient scientific evidence that decreasing sugar-sweetened beverage consumption will reduce the prevalence of obesity and obesity-related diseases[J]. Obes Rev, 2013, 14(8):606-619. [13] Malik VS, Popkin BM, Bray GA, et al. Sugar-sweetened beverages and risk of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes:a meta-analysis[J]. Diabetes Care, 2010, 33:2477-2483. [14] Bray GA1, Popkin BM. Dietary sugar and body weight:have we reached a crisis in the epidemic of obesity and diabetes:health be damned! Pour on the sugar[J]. Diabetes Care, 2014, 37(4):950-956. [15] InterAct consortium, Romaquera D, Norat T, et al. Consumption of sweet beverages and type 2 diabetes incidence in European adults:results from EPIC-InterAct[J]. Diabetologia, 2013, 56(7):1520-1530. [16] Hu FB. Resolved:there is sufficient scientific evidence that decreasing sugar-sweetened beverage consumption will reduce the prevalence of obesity and obesity-related diseases[J]. Obes Rev, 2013, 14(8):606-619. [17] Bosch-Capblanch X, Lavis JN, Lewin S, et al. Guidance for evidence-informed policies about health systems:rational for and challenges of guidance development[J]. PLoS Med, 2012, 9(3):e1001185. [18] Thorndike AN, Riis J, Sonnenberg LM, et al. Traffic-light labels and choice architecture:promoting healthy food choices[J]. Am J Prev Med, 2014, 46(2):143-149. [19] Herman DR, Harrison GG, Afifi AA, et al. Effect of a targeted subsidy on intake of fruits and vegetables among low-income women in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children[J]. Am J Public Health, 2008, 98(1):98-105. [20] Brownell KD, Kersh R, Ludwig DS, et al. Personal responsibility and obesity:a constructive approach to a controversial issue[J]. Health Aff(Millwood), 2010, 29(3):379-387. [21] Freudenberg N, Franzosa E, Sohler N, et al. The state of evaluation research on food policies to reduce obesity and diabetes among adults in the United States, 2000-2011[J]. Prev Chronic Dis, 2015, 12:E182. [22] Brambila-Macias J, Shankar B, Capacci S, et al. Policy interventions to promote healthy eating:a review of what works, what does not, and what is promising[J]. Food Nutr Bull, 2011,32(4):365-367. [23] Andreyeva T, Long MW, Brownell KD. The impact of food prices on consumption:A systematic review of research on price elasticity of demand for food[J]. Am J Public Health, 2010, 100(2):216-222. [24] Wang YC, Coxson P, Shen YM, et al. A penny-per-ounce tax on sugar-sweetened beverages would cut health and cost burdens of diabetes[J]. Health Aff(Millwood), 2012, 31(1):199-207. [25] Brownell KD, Farley T, Willett WC, et al. The public health and economic benefits of taxing sugar-sweetened beverages[J]. N Engl J Med, 2009, 361(16):1599-1605. [26] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Exercise or physical activity[EB/OL].(2013-12-20)[2016-5-30].http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/exercise.htm. [27] World Health Organization. Global recommendations on physical activity for health[R]. Geneva: WHO, 2010:1-58. [28] Fu SN, Luk W, Wong CK, et al. Progression from impaired fasting glucose to type 2 diabetes mellitus among Chinese subjects with and without hypertension in a primary care setting[J]. J Diabetes, 2014, 6(5):438-446. [29] American Diabetes Association. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus[J]. Diabetes Care, 2011,34(Suppl 1):S62-S69. [30] Forouhi NG, Luan J, Hennings S, et al. Incidence of type 2 diabetes in England and its association with baseline impaired fasting glucose: the Ely study 1990-2000[J]. Diabet Med, 2007, 24(2):200-207. [31] Li R. Cost-effectiveness of interventions to prevent and control diabetes mellitus: a systematic review[J]. Diabetes Care, 2010, 33(8):1872-1894. [32] The diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin[J]. N Eengl J Med, 2002, 346(6):393-403. [33] Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Within-trial cost-effectiveness of lifestyle intervention or metformin for the primary prevention of type 2 diabetes[J]. Diabetes Care, 2003, 26(9): 2518-2523. [34] Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group, Knowler WC, Fowler SE, et al. 10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study[J]. Lancet, 2009, 374(9707):1677-1686. [35] Tuomilehto J, Lindstrom J, Eriksson JG, et al. Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus by changes in lifestyle among participants with impaired glucose tolerance[J]. N Engl J Med, 2001, 344(18):1343-1350. [36] Lindström J, Ilanne-Parikka P, Peltonen M, et al. Sustained reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes by lifestyle intervention: follow-up of the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study[J]. Lancet, 2006, 368(9548):1673-1679. [37] Lindstr m J, Peltonen M, Eriksson JG, et al. Improved lifestyle and decreased diabetes risk over 13 years:long-term follow-up of the randomised Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study(DPS)[J]. Diabetologia, 2013, 56(2):284-293. [38] Pan XR, Li GW, Hu YH, et al. Effects of diet and exercise in preventing NIDDM in people with impaired glucose tolerance:the Da Qing IGT and Diabetes Study[J]. Diabetes Care, 1997, 20(4):537-544. [39] Li G, Zhang P, Wang J, et al. The long-term effect of lifestyle interventions to prevent diabetes in the China Da Qing Diabetes Prevention Study:a 20-year follow-up study[J]. Lancet, 2008, 371(9626):1783-1789. [40] Renjilian DA, Perri MG, Nezu AM, et al. Individual versus group therapy for obesity:effects of matching participants to their treatment preferences[J]. J Consult Clin Psychol, 2001, 69(4):717-721. [41] Tuso P. Prediabetes and lifestyle modification: time to prevent a preventable disease[J]. Perm J, 2014, 18(3):88-93.
2017, Vol. 24 
