Abstract：Objective: To investigate the physical theory of total sleep deprivation affecting on response inhibition and conflict monitoring functions of frontal lobes. Methods: 36 healthy undergraduate students were assigned randomly to sleep-deprived group (SD group) and non-sleep-deprived group (NSD group). Subjects in the sleep-deprived group had to stay awake for 18 hours (18 h total sleep deprivation), but others in the non-sleep-deprived group had a normal sleep. They were tested with a visual a visual Go/Nogo task 18 h after the beginning of experiment (at 1:00). Therefore, EEG was recorded from 32 electrodes during the Go/Nogo task performed during the experiment. Results: The mean correction response time increased obviously in the sleep-deprived group compared with non-sleep-deprived group (F(1, 35) =4.45, P=0.04). The amplitudes of the N2 (F(1, 34) =11.86, P =0.002) and P3 (F(1,34) =7.49, P =0.01)were larger on the Nogo trials compared to the Go trials in the visual Go/Nogo task. The amplitude of Nogo-N2(F(1, 34) =6.32, P =0.02)was reduced significantly and its' latency(F(1,35)=6.36,P =0.02)was prolonged obviously in the sleep-deprived group compared with non-sleep-deprived group. In contrast, the amplitude and latency of P3 had not changed between groups. Conclusions: The conflict monitoring function of the executive control functions is remarkably impaired after18h of TSD. However, the discrease of response inhibition is not obviously found.
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