Abstract：Objective To explore the etiology and transmission characteristics of epidemic situation of human rhinovirus (HRV) infection after reopening of schools in Luohu District of Shenzhen City in 2020, and to analyze the causes of the epidemic and the hints for COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control. Methods We investigated and dealt with the outbreaks of acute upper respiratory infection in schools and other collective-owned units in Luohu District of Shenzhen City in June 2020. Nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) were collected from patients. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect human rhinovirus nucleic acid. Amplification of a 540bp fragment containing the HRV VP4 and partial VP2 region was performed by nested PCR. HRV-positive samples were sequenced. Alignment and sequence analyses were performed. Percent identity matrix created by Clustal2.1 was used to draw the heat map. Phylogenetic trees ware constructed using MEGA7 software. Combined with time and space of the epidemic situation, the bubble map was drawn. Results A total of 21 HRV outbreaks were reported in June 2020. The majority of those affected were pupils in Grades 1-3, with a median age of 8 years. A total of 187 (75.40%) NPS from 248 individuals were HRV positive. The pathogens of the epidemic were HRV-A. Eight subtypes were identified, of which A11, A44 and A47 were the most prevalent and co-circulation of 2 subtypes was spread among schools. Conclusion Co-circulation of multiple genotypes during the HRV epidemic was observed, and it was easy to spread within or between primary schools when there was a lack of effective respiratory protection measures. The high incidence of HRV suggests that measures against COVID-19 are not strict enough; and hence, it is necessary to strictly implement prevention and control measures.
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