Abstract：The initiation of puberty and the maintenance of reproductive function are dictated by the concerted activation ofhypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. The sign of puberty onset is an increase in pulsatile gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) releasing from GnRH neurons. kisspeptin, encoded by the Kiss1 gene, has emerged as essential upstream regulatory elements of GnRH neurons, and is also a potent elicitor of reproductive axis maturation. The factors that influence and regulate kisspeptin in the hypothalamus remain unclear. The aim of this review is to summarize how adipokines (including adiponectin and leptin), amino acids (including glutamate and gamma-amino butyric acid) and neuropeptides (including neurokinin B and dynorphin) regulate kisspeptin, and thereby effect puberty onset and reproductive function.
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2018, Vol. 25 
