深圳市宝安区老年人心血管疾病风险评估及其相关危险因素分布

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-3110.2021.10.001

摘要
图/表
参考文献
相关文章 (15)

全文: PDF (707 KB) HTML (1 KB)
输出: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

摘要目的评估深圳市宝安区老年人心血管病相关危险因素分布及其未来10年的发病风险情况,为不同风险类型个体或群体实施管理策略提供科学依据。方法 2019年1—12月采用方便抽样方法,抽取65岁及以上在深圳市居住6个月及以上的32 588名老年人作为调查对象,将30 583名完成问卷调查、体格检查和实验室生化检测的调查对象作为研究对象。采用χ²检验分析心血管风险因素的分布情况,并依据《中国心血管病预防指南(2017)》中10年动脉粥样硬化性心血管病(atheroselerotic cardiovascular disease,ASCVD)风险评估模型,进行心血管风险评估。结果纳入资料完整的老年人30 583例,高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常、超重肥胖和吸烟的暴露率分别为54.85%(95%CI:54.29%～55.41%)、23.02%(95%CI:22.55%～23.49%)、38.18%(95%CI: 37.64%～38.73%)、44.46%(95%CI: 43.90%～45.01%)和10.49%(95%CI:10.15%～10.84%),男性吸烟(χ²=4212.434,P<0.001)、超重(χ²=21.924,P<0.001)的检出率要高于女性,女性高血压(χ²=9.941,P=0.002)、糖尿病(χ²=19.437,P<0.001)、血脂异常(χ²=44.219,P<0.001)及肥胖(χ²=86.131,P<0.001)的检出率要高于男性。ASCVD 10年发病风险等级为极高危、高危、中位和低危的比例分别为6.46%(95%CI:6.19%～6.74%)、30.61%(95%CI:30.10%～31.13%)、21.39%(95%CI:20.93%～21.85%)和41.54%(95%CI:40.98%～42.09%)。结论深圳市宝安区老年人ASCVD 10年发病风险高危及以上者占36.57%,危险因素暴露水平较高,男性、高年龄段人群应成为心血管防治的重点人群。

	服务

	把本文推荐给朋友
	加入我的书架
	加入引用管理器
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	作者相关文章
	何向阳
	刘峥
	吕滢东
	鲁志威
	郭艳芳

关键词 ：心血管病, 危险因素, 风险评估, 老年人

Abstract：Objective To evaluate the distribution of cardiovascular disease-related risk factors and its incidence risk over the next 10 years among the elderly in Bao'an District, Shenzhen City, and to provide a scientific basis for implementing management strategies for individuals or groups with different risk types. Methods From January to December 2019, a convenience sampling method was used to select 32,588 elderly residents aged 65 years and above and lived in Shenzhen for 6 months or more to serve as the surveyed subjects. And 30,583 subjects with finished questionnaires and undergoing physical examination and laboratory biochemical testing were considered as the research subjects. χ² test was employed to analyze the distribution of risk factors for cardiovascular disease, and cardiovascular disease-related risk was assessed according to the 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk assessment model in the Chinese Guidelines for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention (2017). Results A total of 30,583 elderly residents with complete data were enrolled in this study. The exposure rates of hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, overweight & obesity and smoking were 54.85% (95%CI:54.29%-55.41%), 23.02% (95%CI:22.55%-23.49%), 38.18% (95%CI:37.64%-38.73%), 44.46% (95%CI:43.90%-45.01%) and 10.49% (95%CI:10.15%-10.84%), respectively. The detection rates of smoking (χ²=4,212.434, P<0.001) and overweight (χ²=21.924, P<0.001) were higher in males than in females, while the detection rates of hypertension (χ²=9.941, P=0.002), diabetes (χ²=19.437, P<0.001), dyslipidemia (χ²=44.219, P<0.001) and obesity (χ²=86.131, P<0.001) were higher in females than in males. The proportions of very high, high, middle and low risk of 10-year ASCVD were 6.46% (95%CI:6.19%-6.74%), 30.61% (95%CI:30.10%-31.13%), 21.39% (95%CI:20.93%-21.85%) and 41.54% (95%CI:40.98%-42.09%), respectively. Conclusion The elderly with high or very high risk of 10-year ASCVD in Bao'an District, Shenzhen City accounted for 36.57%, and the exposure rate of risk factors was high. Prevention and control strategies should focus on male and elderly population.

Key words： cardiovascular disease risk factor risk evaluation the elderly

收稿日期: 2020-12-11

R54

基金资助:深圳市宝安区医疗卫生基础研究项目(2018JD039;2020JD106)

通讯作者: 郭艳芳,E-mail:64961030@qq.com。

作者简介: 何向阳(1991-),男,广东人,硕士学位,主治医师,研究方向:慢性非传染性疾病预防控制。

引用本文:

何向阳, 刘峥, 吕滢东, 鲁志威, 郭艳芳. 深圳市宝安区老年人心血管疾病风险评估及其相关危险因素分布[J]. 实用预防医学, 2021, 28(10): 1153-1156. HE Xiang-yang, LIU Zheng, LYU Ying-dong, LU Zhi-wei, GUO Yan-fang. Risk assessment of cardiovascular diseases and distribution of its related risk factorsamong the elderly in Bao'an District, Shenzhen City. , 2021, 28(10): 1153-1156.

链接本文:

https://www.syyfyx.com/CN/10.3969/j.issn.1006-3110.2021.10.001 或 https://www.syyfyx.com/CN/Y2021/V28/I10/1153

[1] Roth GA,Johnson C,Abajobir A,et al. Global,regional,and national burden of cardiovascular diseases for 10 causes, 1990 to 2015[J]. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2017, 70(1):1-25.
[2] 胡盛寿, 高润霖, 刘力生, 等.《中国心血管病报告2018》概要[J]. 中国循环杂志, 2019, 34(3):209-220.
[3] 国家卫生和计划生育委员会. 2017中国卫生和计划生育统计年鉴[M]. 北京: 中国协和医科大学出版社, 2017:1-20.
[4] 国家心血管病中心. 中国心血管病报告2017[M]. 北京: 中国大百科全书出版社, 2017:1-20.
[5] Hippisley-Cox J, Coupland C, Vinogradova Y, et al. Derivation and validation of QRISK, a new cardiovascular disease risk score for the United Kingdom: prospective open cohort study[J]. BMJ, 2007, 335(7611):136.
[6] 谢双, 周洲薇.4 186例老年健康体检者冠心病检出情况及影响因素调查[J].实用预防医学, 2020, 27(5):621-623.
[7] Gu DF, He J, Coxson PG, et al. The cost-effectiveness of low-cost essential antihypertensive medicines for hypertension control in China: a modelling study[J]. PLoS Med, 2015, 12(8):e1001860.
[8] Damen JA, Pajouheshnia R, Heus P, et al. Performance of the Framingham risk models and pooled cohort equations for predicting 10 year risk of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. BMC Med, 2019, 17(1):109.
[9] Kumar K, Afonso L. Cardiovascular risk prediction in the elderly[J].J Geriatr Cardiol, 2019, 16(5):414-420.
[10] 中国心血管病预防指南(2017)写作组, 中华心血管病杂志编辑委员会. 中国心血管病预防指南(2017)[J]. 中华心血管病杂志, 2018, 46(1):10-25.
[11] 中国高血压防治指南修订委员会, 高血压联盟(中国), 中华医学会心血管病学分会中国医师协会高血压专业委员会, 等. 中国高血压防治指南( 2018年修订版)[J]. 中国心血管杂志, 2019, 24(1):24-56.
[12] 中华医学会糖尿病学分会. 中国2型糖尿病防治指南(2017年版)[J]. 中华糖尿病杂志, 2018, 10(1):4-67.
[13] 中国成人血脂异常防治指南修订联合委员会. 中国成人血脂异常防治指南(2016年修订版)[J]. 中华心血管病杂志, 2016, 44(10):833-853.
[14] 平卫伟, 谭红专, 曹文君, 等. 成年人生活方式与体质指数的相关性研究[J]. 中华疾病控制杂志, 2016, 20(11):1184-1186.
[15] 中国预防医学科学院, 中国吸烟与健康协会, 卫生部疾病控制司, 等. 1996年全国吸烟行为的流行病学调查[M]. 北京: 中国科学技术出版社, 1997: 155-158.
[16] 张梅, 黄正京, 李镒冲, 等. 中国35岁及以上人群缺血性心血管病10年发病风险预测[J]. 中华流行病学杂志, 2016, 37(5):689-693.
[17] 王如庆,刘怡,江美琴, 等. 35岁及以上农村居民缺血性心血管病发病风险评估[J]. 预防医学, 2017, 29(5):496-497, 500.
[18] 朱卫红, 窦瑞青, 孟珺, 等. 上海市社区老年人脑卒中危险因素暴露情况及心脑血管疾病发病风险[J]. 中国公共卫生, 2018, 34(8):1075-1078.
[19] 张加生, 李科, 周卫国, 等. 苏州某社区老年慢病患者心脑血管疾病10年风险评估及危险因素分析[J]. 中华老年心脑血管病杂志, 2019, 21(11):1178-1181.
[20] 张晗, 齐士格, 李志新, 等. 2015年六省市社区老年人常见慢性病共病现状[J]. 首都公共卫生, 2019, 13(3):122-125.
[21] 郭丽花,俞敏,钟节鸣, 等. 桐乡市社区高血压患者心血管病发病风险评估[J]. 预防医学, 2019, 31(2):124-127.
[22] 邢丽丽, 常春, 王威, 等. 北京市东城区35～59岁社区居民心血管疾病风险评估[J]. 中国健康教育, 2011, 27(4):254-256, 260.
[23] 陆凤, 赵鸣, 胡如英, 等. 浙江省高血压患者心血管病危险分层评估现状分析[J]. 中华流行病学杂志, 2014, 35(11):1231-1234.
[24] 张洁, 何青芳, 王立新, 等. 浙江省成人高血压合并糖尿病患病率及心血管病风险分析[J]. 预防医学, 2018, 30(2):109-112.