Abstract:Objective To validate health-based advisory for short-term exposure to carbaryl in drinking water. Methods One hundred and twenty-six healthy Wistar rats, half males and half females, were randomly divided into 7 groups. The rats in the negative control group were fed orally with corn oil, while the rats in the other six groups were administered orally with carbaryl 5, 10, 20, 40, 80 and 160 mg/kg per day.All rats were weighted once a week. After 8, 15 and 29 days of administration, 6 rats in each group, half males and half females, were sacrificed to detect blood biochemical parameters, and liver, kidney, spleen, lung, thymus and brain of each rat were collected for pathological examination. Results Among the rats’ body weight and visceral body ratios, after 28 days of exposure, only the kidney body ratio of the 60 mg/(kg·d) dosage group decreased compared with the negative control group, with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). Among the serum biochemical indexes, after 7 days of exposure, only aspartate aminotransferase (AST) of the 80 mg/(kg·d) dosage group declined significantly compared with the negative control group (P<0.05). Among the indicators of blood routine, after 7 days of exposure, hemoglobin of the 20, 40 and 160 mg/(kg·d) dosage groups increased significantly compared with the negative control group (all P<0.05). After 14 days of exposure, the white blood cell count of the 5, 10 and 160 mg/(kg·d) dosage groups, the hemoglobin content of average red blood cell of the 160 mg/(kg·d) dosage group, the average platelet volume of the 10 and 160 mg/(kg·d) dosage groups, the hemoglobin concentration of average red blood cell of the 160 mg/(kg·d) dosage group and platelet distribution width of the 5 and80 mg/(kg·d) dosage groups increased significantly compared with the negative control group, showing statistically significantdifferences (all P<0.05). After 28 days of exposure, the white blood cell count of the 20 and 80 mg/(kg·d) dosage groups and the hemoglobin concentration of average red blood cell of the 80 and 160 mg/(kg·d) dosage groups increased significantly compared with the negative control group (all P<0.05). In the index of acetylcholinesterase activity, after 7 days of exposure, the erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase activity of the 40 mg/(kg·d) dosage group decreased significantly compared with the negative control group. After 14 days of exposure, erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase activity of the 80 mg/(kg·d) dosage group increased significantly compared with the negative control group, while the acetylcholinesterase activity in brain tissue of the 160 mg/(kg·d) dosage group decreased significantly. After 28 days of exposure, acetylcholine enzyme activity in brain tissue of the 20 mg/(kg·d) dosage group decreased significantly, while erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase activity of the 40 mg/(kg·d) dosage group increased significantly, with statistically significant differences (all P<0.05). After 7, 14, and 28 days of exposure, no significant changes were observed in histopathological indicators of each dosage group compared with the negative control group (all P>0.05). Conclusions The no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of short-term oral intake of carbaryl in the rats is 10 mg/(kg·d), and the health-based advisory for short-term exposure to carbaryl is 1 mg/L, which is the same as the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recommendation.
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