Abstract：Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of human rabies and the factors influencing failure cases of post-exposure treatment in Hunan Province during 2010-2014 so as to provide references for rabies prevention and treatment Methods We collected the data about the epidemics of rabies and 580 human rabies cases reported in Hunan Province during 2010-2014. EpiData3.1 and SPSS18.0 software were used to analyze the pidemiological characteristics of rabies and the features of failure cases of post-exposure treatment. Results A total of 580 human rabies cases were reported in Hunan Province from 2010 to 2014. The annual average incidence rate was 0.176/100,000, and the incidence showed a decreasing tendency (χ2trend=60.38, P<0.01). The cases distributed in 108 counties (cities or districts), and the distribution of the cases was narrowing (χ2trend=16.27, P<0.01). The top 5 cities with respect to reported cumulative number of rabies cases were Shaoyang City, Yongzhou City, Changde City, Yiyang City and Changsha City, and a total of 332 cases were reported, accounting for 57.24% of the reported cases in Hunan Province. Most of the reported cases occurred from July to September (n=183, 31.55%) and from March to June (n=163, 28.10%). The number of the reported cases in the age group of 55-<60 years was the highest (n=77, 13.28%). The incidence rates in the age groups of 15-<70 years were increased along with the age increase (χ2trend=248.63, P<0.01). The male-to-female incidence ratio was 2.28:1, and the incidence rate was significantly higher in males than in females (1.19/100,000 vs. 0.55/100,000, χ2=74.84, P<0.01). 90.34% of the cases exposed to dog bites. 84.93% of the exposure was classified into grade III. 93.20% had only one wound, and 42.29% got a hand wound. 67.93% of the cases did not manage their wounds after exposure to rabies. Only 46 (7.93%) death cases carried out post-exposure treatment. 45 cases with immune failure had at at least 1 of 3 causes, including short incubation period of head and face exposure, delayed full-course vaccination and exposure of grade III without anti-rabies immunoglobulin injection. Conclusions The epidemics of human rabies in Hunan Province during 2010-2014 show a declined tendency. Children and the elderly are high risk groups. Most rabies cases are caused by dog bite. Untreated exposure is the main cause for infection, and post-exposure treatment failure is mainly due to short incubation period of head and face exposure, delayed full-course vaccination and exposure of grade III without anti-rabies immunoglobulin injection. Therefore, the key measures to reduce the risk of infection after exposure to rabies are promptly going to a medical institution and accepting the standardized treatment as well as preventing head and face exposure.
胡向科, 罗平, 刘富强, 胡世雄, 杨土保. 湖南省2010-2014年狂犬病流行特征及暴露后免疫失败病例分析[J]. 实用预防医学, 2017, 24(2): 152-155.
HU Xiang-ke, LUO Ping, LIU Fu-qiang, HU Shi-xiong, YANG Tu-bao. Epidemiological characteristics of human rabies and failure cases of post-exposure treatment in Hunan Province, 2010-2014. , 2017, 24(2): 152-155.
2017, Vol. 24 
