基于结构方程模型的医学生电子烟认知、态度对使用行为影响的研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-3110.2024.03.007

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摘要目的利用结构方程模型分析医学生电子烟使用行为与知识、认知的关系,为电子烟的控烟行动提供新策略。方法于2022年5—11月,采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,对贵州省3所医科大学4 126名医学生进行问卷调查,问卷参考《2018年中国成人烟草调查问卷》及相关文献进行设计,使用AMOS 26.0软件构建结构方程模型并进行评估。结果本研究共调查4 126人,其中男生2 052人(49.73%),女生2 074人(50.26%);18岁及以下年龄组1 613人(39.09%),19~21岁年龄组1 966人(47.65%),22岁及以上547人(13.26%);城镇1 031人(24.99%),农村3 095人(75.01%)。医学生电子烟尝试使用率为6.54%,电子烟知晓率为89.99%,不同电子烟知识的知晓率在54.89%~74.29%之间;不同电子烟使用态度的问题上,持积极态度的比率在4.56%~21.43%之间。最终结构方程模型的拟合优度效果较好。结构方程模型结果显示,影响医学生使用电子烟行为的因素有知识(β=0.073,P＜0.05)、认知(β=0.051,P＜0.05)、态度(β=-0.150,P＜0.05),知识对电子烟使用行为的直接效应高于间接效应,认知、态度对电子烟使用行为有直接效应。结论医学生电子烟知识、认知水平有待提高,医学生对电子烟知识的了解情况可以直接影响电子烟使用行为,还可以通过认知和态度间接影响电子烟使用行为,应从知识、认知和态度三个方面进行综合干预,促进其形成禁烟意识并减少电子烟使用行为。

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	彭佳
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	吕宝坤
	曹煜

关键词 ：电子烟, 医学生, 影响因素, 结构方程模型

Abstract：Objective To analyze the relationships of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use behavior with knowledge and cognition among medical students by structural equation model, and to provide new strategies for e-cigarette control activity. Methods From May to November 2022, a stratified multi-stage cluster random sampling method was used to select 4,126 medical students from 3 medical universities in Guizhou Province to conduct a questionnaire survey. The questionnaire was designed based on the China Youth Tobacco Epidemic Survey Questionnaire-2019 and related literatures, and the structural equation model was constructed and evaluated by AMOS 26.0 software. Results A total of 4,126 students were surveyed in this study, including 2,052 (49.73%) males and 2,074 (50.26%) females. There were 1,613 (39.09%)studeutsin the group aged 18 years and younger, 1,966 (47.65%) in the group aged 19-21 years, 547 (13.26%) in the group aged 22 years and above, 1,031 (24.99%) in the urban area group and 3,095 (75.01%) in the rural area group. The utilization rate of e-cigarette attempts among the medical students was 6.54%, the awareness rate of e-cigarette 89.99%, and the awareness rates of knowledge about different e-cigarettes were between 54.89% and 74.29%. As for attitude towards use of different e-cigarettes, the rates of positive attitude were between 4.56% and 21.43%. The goodness-of-fit effect of the final model was better. Results of the structural equation model displayed that factors influencing the medical students' e-cigarette usebehavior were knowledge (β=0.073, P< 0.05), cognition (β=0.051, P<0.05) and attitude (β=-0.150, P<0.05). The direct effect of knowledge on e-cigarette use behavior was higher than the indirect effect. Cognition and attitude had a direct effect on e-cigarette use behavior. Conclusion The levels of knowledge and cognition on e-cigarettes among the medical students need to be improved. The medical students' status of knowing knowledge regarding e-cigarettes can directly affect the use behavior of e-cigarettes, and also indirectly affect the use behavior of e-cigarettes through cognition and attitude. Comprehensive interventions should be conducted from three aspects of knowledge, cognition and attitude so as to promote the formation of anti-smoking awareness and reduce e-cigarette use behavior.

Key words： electronic cigarette medical student influencing factor structural equation model

收稿日期: 2023-03-06

R193

基金资助:健康服务与管理专业慢性病“5G健康管理”实践基地的建设与研究(220605095013646);健康大学城行动项目( 黔发改规划 2018[1571]号)

通讯作者: 曹煜,E-mail:2692327139@qq.com。

作者简介: 彭佳(1998-),硕士在读,研究方向:公共卫生(健康管理方向)。

引用本文:

彭佳, 荣冬芸, 李丹, 杨娟华, 程远芬, 吕宝坤, 曹煜. 基于结构方程模型的医学生电子烟认知、态度对使用行为影响的研究[J]. 实用预防医学, 2024, 31(3): 282-286. PENG Jia, RONG Dongyun, LI Dan, YANG Juanhua, CHENG Yuanfen, LYU Baokun, CAO Yu. Influence of medical students' cognition and attitude towards electronic cigarettes on their use behavior based on structural equation model. , 2024, 31(3): 282-286.

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