Carcinogenic risk assessment of inhabitants exposed to B[a]P in ambient PM2.5 in an urban district of Beijing
LI Yun-pu, LIU Zhe, TANG Zhi-gang, XU Chun-yu, LI Na, CHANG Jun-rui, WANG Qin
China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing100021, China
Abstract：Objective To investigate the pollution level of ambient PM2.5-bound benzo [a] pyrene (B[a]P) in the heating season and its carcinogenic risk for inhabitants in an urban district of Beijing. Methods PM2.5 was daily sampled in an urban district of Beijing from December 2016 to February 2017. High performance liquid chromatography-fluorescent detector (HPLC-FLD) method was used to determine the concentration of PM2.5-bound B[a]P. We assessed the lifetime excessive cancer risk and life expectancy loss due to inhalation of PM2.5-bound B[a]P in males, females and the general population based on days with different pollution levels. Results The median value of daily average concentration of PM2.5-bound B[a]P was 5.20 (2.13, 11.05) ng/m3. The median value of daily average concentration of PM2.5-bound B[a]P in heavily polluted days was 12.90 (5.76, 21.98) ng/m3, which was 3.3 times that of non-heavily polluted days (3.90 (1.13,8.92) ng/m3), showing a statistically significant difference. When the inhalation unit risk (IUR) was 1.1×10-6 (ng/m3)-1, the excessive cancer risks for males due to B[a]P exposure in heavily and non-heavily polluted days and the study period were 9.42×10-6, 2.85×10-6 and 3.80×10-6, respectively, with the life expectancy loss being 55.1, 16.7 and 22.2 minutes, respectively. When the IUR was 8.7×10-5(ng/m3)-1, the excessive cancer risks of males were 7.46×10-4, 2.25×10-4 and 3.01×10-4, respectively, with the life expectancy loss being 4,359, 1,318 and 1,757 minutes, respectively. When the IURs were 1.1×10-6 (ng/m3)-1 and 8.7×10-6 (ng/m3)-1, the excessive cancer risks for females due to different B[a]P exposure levels were all more than the acceptable value of 10-6, with the life expectancy loss being 62.0, 18.7, and 25.0 minutes as well as 4,903, 1,482 and 1,976 minutes,respectively. Conclusion The Results of health risk assessment based on the B[a]P concentration in the winter of 2016displayed that B[a]P exposure in days with different polluted levels is regarded as potentially carcinogenic ininhabitantsin this urban district of Beijing. The excessive cancer risk and life expectancy loss due to B[a]P exposure in heavily polluted days were 3.3 times those of non-heavily polluted days. The excessive cancer risk for females was slightly lower than that in males, but life expectancy loss was slightly higher than that in males.
李韵谱, 刘喆, 唐志刚, 徐春雨, 李娜, 常君瑞, 王秦. 北京市某城区大气PM2.5中苯并[a]芘暴露的人群致癌风险评估[J]. 实用预防医学, 2021, 28(9): 1025-1029.
LI Yun-pu, LIU Zhe, TANG Zhi-gang, XU Chun-yu, LI Na, CHANG Jun-rui, WANG Qin. Carcinogenic risk assessment of inhabitants exposed to B[a]P in ambient PM2.5 in an urban district of Beijing. , 2021, 28(9): 1025-1029.
[1] Chang J, Tao J, Xu C, et al. Pollution characteristics of ambient PM2.5-bound benzo[a]pyrene and its cancer risks in Beijing[J].Sci Total Environ, 2019, 654:735-741. [2] Chao S, Liu J, Chen Y, et al. Implications of seasonal control of PM2.5-bound PAHs: an integrated approach for source apportionment, source region identification and health risk assessment[J].Environ Pollut, 2019, 247:685-695. [3] Fan X, Chen Z, Liang L, et al. Atmospheric PM2.5-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Guiyang City, southwest China: concentration, seasonal variation, sources and health risk assessment[J]. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol, 2019, 76(1):102-113. [4] Shen R, Liu Z, Chen X, et al. Atmospheric levels, variations, sources and health risk of PM2.5-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during winter over the North China Plain[J].Sci Total Environ, 2019, 655:581-590. [5] Chen Y, Li X, Zhu T, et al. PM2.5-bound PAHs in three indoor and one outdoor air in Beijing: concentration, source and health risk assessment[J].Sci Total Environ, 2017, 586:255-264. [6] Li LJ, Ho SSH, Feng B, et al. Characterization of particulate-bound polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) and their oxidations in heavy polluted atmosphere: a case study in urban Beijing, China during haze events[J].Sci Total Environ, 2019, 660:1392-1402. [7] 环境保护部,国家质量监督检验检疫总局.环境空气质量标准: GB 3095-2012 [S]. 北京:中国标准出版社, 2012:3. [8] 常君瑞, 李娜, 徐春雨,等. 超声提取-高效液相色谱法测定 PM2.5中的多环芳烃[J]. 实用预防医学, 2016, 23(3):267-270. [9] 环境保护部. 环境空气质量指数(AQI)技术规定(试行):HJ 633—2012 [S].北京:中国标准出版社,2012:3. [10] 国家卫生健康委员会.大气污染人群健康风险评估技术规范:WS/T 666-2019 [S]. 北京:中国标准出版社, 2019:19-20. [11] Xu C, Li N, Yang Y, et al. Investigation and modeling of the residential infiltration of fine particulate matter in Beijing,China[J].J Air Waste Manage Assoc, 2017,67(6):694-701. [12] 环境保护部. 中国人群暴露参数手册(成人卷)[M]. 北京:中国环境出版社,2013:1-25. [13] United States Environmental Protection Agency. Risk assessment guidance for superfund volume I human health evaluation manual (Part A):EPA 540-1-89-002[EB/OL]. [1989-12-01](2020-10-10). https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-09/documents/rags_a.pdf. [14] Ali N, Ismail IMI, Khoder M, et al. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the settled dust of automobile workshops, health and carcinogenic risk evaluation[J]. Sci Total Environ,2017,601-602:478-484. [15] California Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, Air Toxicology and Epidemiology Branch. Technical support document for cancer potency factors: methodologies for derivation, listing of available values, and adjustments to allow for early life stage exposures[EB/OL]. [2009-05-01](2020-10-10).https://oehha.ca.gov/media/downloads/crnr/tsdcancerpotency.pdf. [16] World Health Organization. Air quality guidelines for Europe[R].Geneva: WHO, 2000:1-20. [17] Gamo M, Oka T, Nakanishi J. A method evaluating population risks from chemical exposure: a case study concerning prohibition of chlordane use in Japan[J]. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol, 1995, 21(1):151-157. [18] 杨宇,胡建英,陶澍. 天津地区致癌风险的预期寿命损失分析[J]. 环境科学,2005,26(1):168-172. [19] 国家质量监督检验检疫总局,卫生部,国家环境保护总局. 室内空气质量标准:GB/T 18883-2002[S]. 北京:中国标准出版社,2003:3. [20] Liu Y, Yu Y, Liu M, et al. Characterization and source identification of PM2.5-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in different seasons from Shanghai, China[J].Sci Total Environ, 2018, 644:725-735. [21] Wang J, Hang Ho SS, Huang R, et al. Characterization of parent and oxygenated-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Xi'an, China during heating period: an investigation of spatial distribution and transformation[J].Chemosphere, 2016, 159:367-377.
2021, Vol. 28 
