Abstract：Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of 14 children with AIDS complicated with Talaromyces marneffei (TM) infection in Changsha City. Methods We retrospectively analyzed clinical characteristics, laboratory examinations, etiological evidence, imaging findings and disease transformation of the 14 children with AIDS complicated with TM infection admitted to the First Hospital of Changsha City from January 2015 to December 2020. Results Among the 14 children (including 12 boys and 2 girls) with AIDS complicated with TM infection, the clinical manifestations at admission were as follows: fever (100%), cough (85.7%), fatigue (71.4%), anorexia (71.4%), rash (64.3%), body weight loss >5 kg (57.1%), lymphadenopathy (50.0%), and bone and joint pain (7.1%). The results of laboratory examinations revealed that anemia accounted for 92.9%, and CD4+ T cells were <200 cells/μl (100%, 12/12). The positive rates of TM in blood and bone marrow cultures were 92.9% and 75.0%, respectively. 50.0% (7/14) of the children’ chest imaging lesions involved both lungs, presenting as patchy shadows, nodular shadows, ground glass shadows and miliary changes. In terms of treatment, the median duration of fever before the use of antifungal drugs was 15 days, the median duration of fever after the use of antifungal drugs was 3 days, and the final improvement accounted for 78.6% (11/14), with the remaining 3 cases lost to follow-up. Conclusion Clinical symptoms of the children with AIDS complicated with TM infection are diverse, of which rash is an important specific manifestation, but bone involvement is uncommon in the children. It is recommended to culture different types of specimens collected from multiple parts so as to make a clear diagnosis in clinical practice. Timely and effective antifungal therapy has an important impact on prognosis.
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2022, Vol. 29 
